不同气象场对核电厂核素大气扩散的影响  

Impact of Different Meteorology Drive on Atmosphere Dispersion Prediction of Radionuclide from Nuclear Power Plant

作　　者：郭瑞萍[1] 杨春林[2] 张琼[1] 王博[1] 张春明[1] GUO Ruiping YANG Chunlin ZHANG Qiong WANG Bo ZHANG Chunming(Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100082, China Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China)

机构地区：[1]环境保护部核与辐射安全中心,北京100082 [2]河南科技学院,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2017年第6期171-178,191,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家科技重大专项CAP1400安全审评关键技术研究(2013ZX06002001)

摘　　要：核电厂事故时放射性核素大气扩散特征是核电厂环境影响评价中重点关注问题。目前核电厂环境影响评价中采用单一气象场驱动进行预测分析不足以真实反映放射性核素事故时大气扩散特征。以某核电厂厂址为研究对象,利用核事故短期大气弥散因子计算软件PAVAN(Potential Accident Consequence Assessments at Nuclear Power Plants)模拟不同气象场驱动情景下核电厂事故时放射性核素大气扩散特征,以确定气象场驱动差异对事故时放射性核素大气扩散的影响。结果表明:多年气象场驱动条件下非居住区边界和规划限制区边界的短期大气弥散因子年均值最大值分别为单一气象场驱动条件的1.05和1.04倍,均出现在S方位。不同情景下非居住区边界大气弥散因子年均值最大值在CASE2和CASE4情景下相同,但出现方位不同,分别出现在S和NE方位;CASE4情景下大气弥散因子年均值变异程度大于CASE2情景;非居住区边界30 d内CASE2、CASE3和CASE4情景下短期大气弥散因子的最大值分布范围依次为(6.01E-5~7.78E-5)、(5.72E-5~7.79E-5)和(6.29E-5~7.79E-5)s/m3。不同情景下规划限制区边界大气弥散因子最大值从大到小依次为CASE2>CASE4>CASE1>CASE3,依次出现在S、NE、S、NE方位;规划限制区边界30 d内CASE2、CASE3和CASE4情景下短期大气弥散因子的最大值分布范围依次为(1.17E-5~1.95E-5)、(1.09E-5~1.98E-5)和(1.24E-5~1.98E-5)s/m3。Atmosphere dispersion character of radionuclide is paid more attentions when nuclear power plant accident happens. Prediction analysis using one year meteorology drive in nuclear power plant environment impact can＇t reflect the actual radionuclide atmosphere dispersion character. Taking a nuclear power plant site as research object, this study simulates the effect of different meteorology drives on radionuclide atmosphere dispersion character by using PAVAN （Potential Accident Consequence Assessments at Nuclear Power Plants）. It will be helpful for determining the effect of difference of meteorology drive on radionuclide atmosphere dispersion. Results show that the maximum annual average of atmosphere dispersion factor at low population zone boundary and exclusion area boundary under many years scenario are separately 1.05 and 1.04 times than that under single year scenarios, with both appearing in the S sector. For that at low population zone boundary, the maximum annual average of atmosphere dispersion factor in CASE2 is similar to that in CASE4, but it appears in different sector, separately being S and NE sector. The variation of the maximum annual average of atmosphere dispersion factor in CASE4 is greater than that in CASE2. The distribution range of maximum annual average of atmosphere dispersion factor during release duration being 30 days in CASE2, CASE3 and CASE4 are （6.01E-5-7.78E-5）, （5.72E-5-7.79E-5） and （6.29E-5-7.79E-5） s/m3. For that at exclusion area boundary, the maximum annual average of atmosphere dispersion factor in sequence of CASE2〉 CASE4〉 CASE1〉 CASE3, appear in S, NE, S and NE sector. The distribution range of maximum annual average of atmosphere dispersion factor during release duration being 30 days in CASE2, CASE3 and CASE4 are （1.17 E-5-1.95E-5）, （1.09E-5-1.98E-5） and （1.24E-5-1.98E-5） s/m^3.

关 键 词：多年气象场驱动 事故大气弥散因子 核电厂环境影响 分布范围 

分 类 号：X823[环境科学与工程—环境工程]