运载火箭伞降回收着陆技术概述  

The Summary of Launch Vehicle Parachute Recovery and Landing Technologies

作　　者：黄伟[1,2] HUANG Wei(National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics ＆ Electricity, Beijing 100094, China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学,长沙410073 [2]北京空间机电研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《航天返回与遥感》2017年第3期1-12,共12页Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing

摘　　要：随着可重复使用运载火箭成为航天领域的热点,运载火箭的回收着陆技术亦受到更大的关注。基于传统构型的运载火箭的回收一般可分为伞降回收着陆式、垂直返回式和带翼飞回式三种类型,每种类型的回收着陆技术均有其各自的优缺点。其中伞降回收着陆技术虽然落点精度较低,但是具有技术成熟度高、可靠性高、运载能力损失低的优势,长期以来世界各航天大国一直在开展相关的研究。文章针对运载火箭回收着陆中非常关键的基于伞降方式的回收着陆技术及系统开展研究,梳理了国内外运载火箭伞降回收着陆技术的发展情况。对于运载火箭的伞降回收着陆而言,中国主要开展了基于群伞-缓冲气囊的伞降回收着陆系统以及基于可控翼伞的伞降回收着陆系统两类方案的研究。文章对这两类伞降回收着陆系统进行了基本的方案论述,包括系统的组成、系统的工作程序以及涉及到的主要关键技术分析,并对两种伞降回收着陆系统进行了对比论述。最后给出了运载火箭伞降回收着陆技术的结论和相关建议。With the reusable launch vehicle becoming the hotspot in the field of spaceflight, the launch vehicle recovery and landing technologies get more attentions. There are three types of recovery and landing technologies for the traditional launch vehicle generally such as parachute return＇ vertical return, and winged return. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages. Although the parachute recovery and landing technologies have insufficient falling point precision, it has the advantages of high technology maturing, high reliability and low loss of carrying capacity and has been developed by the main space powers. This article studies the parachute recovery and landing technology, which is a very important aspect among the rocket recovery and landing technologies. The domestic and international developments of parachute recovery and landing technologies have been presented. The systems based on cluster parachute- attenuation airbags and steerable parafoil for rockets have been studied in China. The system schemes of these two types have been discussed, including the system composition, the working routine, the main key technical issues and the comparative analysis. Finally, the conclusion and suggestion were put forward.

关 键 词：翼伞 气囊 群伞 回收着陆 运载火箭 综述 

分 类 号：V421.1[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]