空间望远镜可展开次镜支撑桁架综述  

Overview of Deployable Secondary Mirror Support Truss for Space Telescope

作　　者：李志来[1] 杨利伟[1] 徐宏[1] 董得义[1] 曹乃亮[1] 袁野[1] LI Zhilai YANG Liwei XU Hong DONG Deyi CAO Nailiang YUAN Ye(Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,长春130033

出　　处：《航天返回与遥感》2017年第3期58-67,共10页Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2016YFB0500100)

摘　　要：为了获取更高的分辨率,空间望远镜系统的尺寸变得越来越大,以至于这些光学仪器无法装入现存运载器的内包络。采用可展开结构或分瓣式光学元件是克服内包络限制的一种有效手段,目前,国际上许多航天型号任务正积极采用这样的设计方案。与传统光学系统不同的是,可展开光学系统将依赖于展开机构的重复性和可靠性,以及多光学元件的主动共相来满足光学系统的成像需求。可展开次镜支撑桁架是可展开光学系统的重要组成部分,其展开精度直接影响光学系统的性能。为了了解该类展开机构的发展现状,文章对可展开望远镜系统进行了充分的调研与分析,从结构形式、展开机构、驱动方式等角度讨论了几种典型的可展开次镜支撑桁架的特点,并对其中的关键技术,如铰链的非线性特性抑制技术、高重复性和稳定性在轨展开锁定技术及地面重力卸载技术等进行了分析与总结。最后归纳了可展开次镜支撑桁架的一些设计原则。In the quest for higher resolution, the size of space telescope systems has increased to a point where these instruments no longer fit within the fairing of existing launch vehicles. Using deployable or segmented optics is one way to overcome these envelope limitations and such a design scheme is now adopted by a number of space missions across the world. Unlike conventional optical systems, deployable optical systems rely upon the repeatability and the reliability of the deployment mechanisms, as well as active phasing of various optical components to meet those requirements. Deployable secondary mirror support trusses are critical parts of optical system, whose precision define optical performance. For the purpose of understanding the development status of the deployable secondary mirror support trusses, an overall investigation and analysis for deployable optical telescope is done. Some typical deployable secondary mirror support trusses are discussed in terms of structure types, deployment mechanisms and driving methods, and key technologies among them are analyzed and summarized, such as suppression technology for nonlinear behavior of hinges, high-precision latch for in-orbit deployment and ground gravity-offloading technology. In the end, some design principles for deployable secondary mirror support trusses are summarized.

关 键 词：可展开次镜支撑桁架 关键技术 设计原则 空间望远镜 航天遥感 

分 类 号：V447[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] V423.6