控释掺混尿素对土壤无机氮和油菜产量及氮素利用率的影响  

Effects of Controlled Release Blend Bulk Urea on Soil Inorganic Nitrogen,Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rape

作　　者：张敬昇 李冰[1] 王昌全[1] 罗晶[1] 梁靖越 何杰[1] 向毫 尹斌[2] 陈剑科[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源学院,成都611130 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《土壤》2017年第3期505-511,共7页Soils

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B13);四川省科技支撑计划项目(2012JZ0003)资助

摘　　要：2014—2015连续两年通过大田试验研究了尿素、控释氮肥、控释掺混尿素对耕层土壤无机氮、油菜生长性状和产量、氮素利用率以及经济效益的影响,为控释氮肥在油菜生产中的应用推广提供依据。结果表明,较常规施肥处理相比,各控释氮肥处理促进了油菜全生育期氮素供应,有效提高了油菜生育中后期株高和干物质积累量,对油菜主花序长有一定改善作用,且控释掺混处理与单施控释氮肥处理分别显著增长油菜总角果8.98%、6.76%(2014年)和13.80%、9.43%(2015年)。两年田间试验结果表明,控释掺混尿素处理及控释氮肥处理显著增产13.06%~16.70%,氮肥表观利用率提高23.34%~53.71%,氮肥偏生产力提高13.12%~16.72%,氮肥农学利用率提高25.60%~35.56%,土壤氮依存率降低10.99%~19.83%,净利润提高12.83%~25.31%,且以控释掺混尿素处理效果最优。综上,控释掺混尿素处理养分释放适宜,增产增收效果最佳,40%控释氮肥+60%尿素处理推广应用潜力较大。Based on a 2 year （2014—2015） fertilizer field trail, the effects of different nitrogen treatments （CK： no N, UR： 100% urea, T1： 40% controlled release urea ＋ 60% urea, T2： 100% controlled release urea） on soil inorganic nitrogen, the growth status, yield, nitrogen use efficiency and economic benefit of rape were studied to provide reasonable references for the application of controlled release urea in rape planting. The results showed that compared with UR, T1 and T2 enhanced the nitrogen supply of soil in the whole growing stage, promoted plant height and dry matter accumulation in the mid-late growing stage, and increased the length of main inflorescence. T1 and T2 significantly increased total siliques by 8.98% and 6.76% in 2014, and by 13.80% and 9.43% in 2015, respectively. T1 and T2 significantly increased yield by 13.06% - 16.70%, increased NAUE by 23.34% - 53.71%, increased NPP by 13.12% - 16.72%, increased NAE by 25.60% - 35.56%, reduced CRSN by 10.99% - 19.83%, and increased net income by 12.83% - 25.31%. In general, T1 has the best integrated effect and is recommended for the wild application in rape planting.

关 键 词：控释掺混尿素 无机氮 产量 氮素利用率 经济效益 

分 类 号：S145.6[农业科学—肥料学]