不同棉花品种生长特性分析及耐寒性鉴定  

Growth analysis and identification of cold resistance of different varieties of cotton

作　　者：李星星[1] 严青青[1] 王立红[1] 魏鑫[1] 张巨松[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院/教育部棉花工程研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2017年第4期584-591,共8页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家"十三五"科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B02);新疆维吾尔自治区"十三五"重点研发项目(2016B01001-2)

摘　　要：[目的]研究不同棉花品种幼苗耐寒特性,为耐寒新品种选育、推广奠定基础。[方法]以新陆早45、48、50、51、57、60号6个品种为试验材料,通过盆栽试验,研究不同温度处理对不同棉花品种幼苗生长特性的影响和抗寒性鉴定。[结果]同一温度处理下新陆早50和57号的种子活力较强,发芽率较高,耐低温的能力相对于其他品种较强。低温条件下棉花幼苗株高生长受到抑制,尤其严重抑制了地下部分的生长,新陆早45、48、50、51、57、60号抑制率分别为70.75%、64.89%、69.87%、50.77%、61.78%、69.14%;随温度升高,各品种的根长密度增长率也呈现上升趋势,温度为24℃时比12℃时的根长密度分别增长了92.17%、92.69%、94.17%、89.83%、92.77%、94.61%;随温度升高,各品种根系质量均升高,24℃比12℃处理分别增长了70.70%、64.87%、69.84%、50.74%、61.77%、69.13%。低温处理下,各品种根系总长度和总表面积呈下降趋势,同时影响着棉花幼苗根系小径及总长度的生长。利用主成分分析法将棉花幼苗的7个单项指标转换成4个彼此相互独立的综合指标,计算得出综合评价D值。通过聚类分析,将6个棉花品种划分为3种类型:新陆早45、48号为不耐寒棉花品种;新陆早50、51、60号为中耐寒品种;新陆早57号为强耐寒品种。[结论]低温处理在一定程度上限制了叶片和根系对营养物质和水分的吸收,抑制了棉花幼苗的生长发育。种植新陆早57号可减少春季低温危害。[Objectives]The aim of the paper is to study the characteristics of cold resistance of different cotton varieties,and to lay the foundation for the selection and extension of new cold resistant varieties. [Methods]Varieties Xinluzao 45,48,50,51,57,60 as the test materials,pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different temperature treatments on the growth characteristics and cold resistance of different cotton varieties. [Results]Under the same temperature,Xinluzao 50 and 57,two cotton varieties,had stronger seed vigor and higher germination rate,and the ability of low temperature resistance was stronger than the other varieties. Under low temperature condition,the plant height of cotton seedling was severely inhibited,especially the growth of the underground part was suppressed,and the inhibition rate of Xinluzao 45,48,50,51,57,60 reached 70.75%,64.89%,69.87%,50.77%,61.78% and 69.14%.With the increase of temperature,the growth rate of the root length density of each species also showed a rising trend,at 24 ℃,the root length density which increased 92.17%,92.69%,94.17%,89.83%,92.77%,94.61% more than at 12 ℃; with the increase of temperature,the root weight of all cotton varieties increased,and at 24 ℃,the root weight density increased 70.70%,64.87%,69.84%,50.74%,61.77%,69.13% more than at 12 ℃. Under low temperature treatment,the total root length and surface area decreased,at the same time,the total length of root diameter of cotton seedlings was affected. Principal component analysis（ PCA） was used to convert the7 individual indexes of cotton seedling into 4 independent indexes which were independent of each other,and the comprehensive evaluation of D value was calculated. Through cluster analysis,6 cotton varieties were divided into 3 types： non-cold resistant cotton varieties,Xinluzao 45 and 48; middle cold resistant varieties,Xinluzao 50,51,60; strong hardy variety,Xinluzao 57. [Conclusions]This experiment showed that the low temperature treatment to a certain extent limited the

关 键 词：棉花 低温胁迫 生长特性 根系统 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S311