高效溶磷菌的筛选及其促生效应研究  

Screening phosphate solubilizing bacterial strains from maize rhizosphere and research on their plant growth promotion effect

作　　者：乔策策 王甜甜[1] 王若斐 刘超[1] 高琦[1] 李荣[1] 沈其荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心/国家有机类肥料工程技术研究中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2017年第4期664-670,共7页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2013AA102802);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(KYZ201519);国家重点研发专项(2016YFD0800605;2016YFD0200106);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(15)100606];苏北专项(BN2015082);青蓝工程资助项目;南京农业大学SRT项目(1513A09);江苏省高校品牌专业建设工程资助项目(PPZY2015A061)

摘　　要：[目的]从大田玉米根际土壤初筛溶磷能力较强的菌株,通过盆栽和大田试验复筛出具最优溶磷能力的玉米根际促生菌。[方法]利用改良的PVK培养基定性筛选溶磷菌株,通过NBRIP液体摇瓶试验定量研究其溶磷能力,再通过盆栽和大田试验来确定溶磷菌的促生和增产效果。[结果]从玉米大田根际土壤中筛选出8株具有解无机磷能力的细菌,其中菌株NJAU-B8在PVK培养基上溶磷圈直径与菌体直径的比值较高,在NBRIP液体培养基中有效磷含量最高达到487.67mg·L-1。2季玉米盆栽试验结果表明,菌株NJAU-B8对苗期玉米生长促进作用优于其他菌株,其中第1季株高、茎粗、SPAD值、地上部鲜质量和地上部干质量较不接菌处理(CK)分别增加40.37%、18.74%、1.32%、46.67%和4.08%,而第2季则分别增加22.18%、2.02%、1.20%、16.26%和35.53%。另外除菌株B1,其他接菌处理株高均优于CK。大田试验结果表明:第1季玉米产量复合微生物肥料(BIO)与有机-无机复混肥(AOF)处理差异不显著,但BIO处理依然高于AOF和化肥(CF)处理;第2季白菜产量达到显著性差异;第3季BIO处理土豆产量分别比AOF和CF处理增产11.29%和26.41%。结合形态、生理生化特征和16S rDNA基因序列分析,将菌株NJAU-B8归类于伯克霍尔德属(Burkholderia sp.)。[结论]分离获得高效溶磷菌株NJAU-B8,其菌剂能够有效促进苗期玉米生长和增加玉米产量。[Objectives]This study aimed to isolate phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strains from maize rhizosphere first,then to obtain one strain with best plant growth promotion ability from them though pot experiments and to evaluate its crop yield promotion effect using field experiments. [Methods]Modified PVK medium was used to screen phosphate-solubilizing strains qualitatively,then NBRIP liquid shake flask experiments were performed to evaluate the phosphate solubilizing ability of isolated strains,after that growth promotion and crop yield increasing effects of the strains were determined through pot and field experiments. [Results]From the rhizosphere soil of maize,eight bacterial strains with inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing ability were selected. 487. 67 mg·L^-1of soluble phosphorus content was observed in NBRIP liquid culture medium inoculated with a strain named NJAU-B8 which showed higher ratio of transparent circle diameter to cell diameter. Pot experiment results showed a higher growth promoting effect of maize seedling was observed after inoculating strain NJAU-B8 than other strains and control. Compared to the control without inoculation,plant height,stem diameter,chlorophyll,fresh weight and dry weight of shoot were increased by 40. 37%,18. 74%,1. 32%,46. 67%and 4.08%,respectively,in the first season pot experiment and by 22. 18%,2. 02%,1. 20%,16. 26% and 35. 53% in the second season pot experiment. Moreover,inoculation of other strains also showed higher plant height than the control except strain B1. No significant difference in the crop yield of maize was observed among different treatments in the first season field experiment,nevertheless,the yield in compound microbial fertilizer（ BIO） treatment was higher compared to chemical fertilizer（ CF） and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer（ AOF） treatments; in the second field experiment,cabbage yield in BIO treatment was significantly higher thanthat in AOF and CF treatments; and in the third field experiment,potato yield in BIO treatment in

关 键 词：溶磷菌 溶磷量 玉米 促生 增产 

分 类 号：S144.9[农业科学—肥料学]