汉语是否存在合成性(或分析性)导向的类型学转变?——兼论古今复合词、使役句、感叹句  

How Real Is the Syntheticity-to-Analyticity Shift from Archaic to Contemporary Chinese?With a Specific Reference to the Diachronic Formation of Chinese Compounds,Causative and Exclamative Constructions

作　　者：何元建[1] He Yuanjian

机构地区：[1]澳门大学人文学院英文系

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2017年第4期1-15,共15页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

摘　　要：对汉语历史类型学的研究,以前的学者曾经提出两种观点:一、汉语从上古至今有一个连续性的类型学转变:合成性特征逐渐减弱伴随分析性特征逐渐增强,暗示古今汉语有可能是不同类型的语言。二、从远古至前古、再至上古、再至中古与近代、再至现代,合成性与分析性呈分阶段的循环线演变。综合前人的研究,本文对涉及汉语演变的合成性(或分析性)之理论与经验问题,再行考证,并以古今复合词、使役句、感叹句三项作为个案探讨。结论是:古今语法的合成程度各有千秋,无论何种观点,都有一定的论据支撑,研究亟待深入。There are two contesting views regarding how the Chinese language has typo- logically evolved. One view is that it has over time become more analytic （and less synthetic） from the archaic period through the medieval and modern periods to the present day. The other view holds that the evolution has fluctuated over time. with Proto-Chinese being strongly synthetic and then tilted to be more analytic in Pre-Archaic Chinese, and with Ar- chaic Chinese being more synthetic before becoming more analytic in Medieval and Modern Chinese, which has then regressed to being more synthetic today. Either proposal is in need of more convincing evidence. In this paper the syntheticity vs. analyticity dichotomy is re- examined in connection with its progression from a purely inflective typological yardstick to a more morpho-syntactic one. It is thus proposed that the study of Chinese historical typology is more profitable by shifting the focus of investigation away from inflective morphology to how the language expresses grammatical concepts and relations in both morphology and syn- tax as a whole. On the basis of previous research, a comparative study is carried out between Archaic and Mandarin Chinese over the formation of compounds （synthetic compounds espe- cially） and causative and exclamative constructions. The results show that there is no appar- ent syntheticity-to-analyticity shift from the archaic period to the present. Further studies are needed.

关 键 词：合成性与分析性 汉语历史类型学 汉语历时语法 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]