汉语定语小句的类型及其句法表现  

Classification and Syntactic Representations of Attributive Clauses in Mandarin

作　　者：寇鑫[1] 袁毓林[1] Kou Xin Yuan Yulin

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系/北京大学中国语言学研究中心/教育部计算语言学重点实验室,100871

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2017年第4期67-78,共12页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目《汉语国际教育背景下的汉语意合特征研究与大型知识库和语料库建设》(批准号:12&ZD175)的资助

摘　　要：本文讨论汉语定语小句中是否存在"关系小句"和"名词补足语小句"的区分。首先从定语小句是否存在空位以及空位的类型对定语小句进行分类,发现汉语中存在有空位和无空位两种定语小句。并根据定语小句中空位论元的语义角色将有空位小句区分为"论元空位定语小句、附加语空位定语小句"和"伪无空位定语小句"三类;根据名词中心语的类型将无空位定语小句区分为"内容义定语小句"和"事件义定语小句"两类。之后,通过话题化、同类叠加、异类叠加和指称功能等方面对几类不同的定语小句进行测试。结果发现,有空位定语小句和无空位定语小句在句法功能上存在明显差异。最终本文认为,汉语中的两类定语小句可以分别对应于类型学中的"关系小句"和"名词补足语小句"。The article focuses on the classification of attributive clauses in Mandarin, and especially on the distinction between noun complement clauses and relative clauses in the light of the syntactic behavior. Firstly based on the internal structure, attributive clauses can be divided into two types： gap clauses and gapless clauses. According to the semantic roles of the gaps, gap clauses have three subtypes, namely, argument--gap clauses, adjunct--gap clauses and pseudo--gapless clauses. In the meantime, gapless clauses can be classified into content clauses and event clauses by several syntactic operations. Furthermore, in line with the diagnosis of topicalization, stacking, overlaying and reference, noun complement clauses can be distinguished from relative clauses by their internal structures and syntactic functions. In conclusion, the article proposes that gapless and gap clauses are equivalent respectively to noun complement clauses and relative clauses in typology.

关 键 词：定语小句 关系小句 名词补足语小句 空位 语义角色 句法测试 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]