卫星城镇避难场所层级选址与布局优化——以河北燕郊为例  

Hierarchical Location Selection and Layout Optimization of Emergency Shelter System in Satellite Town——A Case of Yanjiao Town in Hebei Province

作　　者：李海君[1,2] 张耀文[1,2] 高萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]防灾科技学院,三河065201 [2]中国地震局工程力学研究所地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2017年第18期96-104,共9页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：河北省教育厅高等学校科学研究计划(Z2013027);科技部地震行业科研专项(201508009);中央高校基本科研业务专项资金(ZY20130205)资助

摘　　要：为解决中小城镇避难场所系统布局优化问题,通过分析卫星城镇避难需求与避难场所系统层次性特征,利用P-中位数与MCLP模型确定了一套适用于卫星城镇避难场所系统优化布局方法。该方法考虑了短临避难阶段疏散距离最短与中长期避难阶段覆盖最大需求综合目标,结合规定疏散距离及实际设施容量,以典型卫星城镇为实例进行了分级分步计算优化研究。研究结果表明,确定的避难场所系统设施层次更为丰富、备选资源利用效率更高;且应急疏散效果相对高效。According to analysis of practical evacuation demands and the shelter system hierarchical characteristics of satellite town, emergency shelter layout optimization method based was puts forward on the combination of P-median model and MCLP model to solve the layout optimization problem rationally. By the constrains of relevant regulations required evacuation distance and facility capacity, as well as the comprehensive objective that the minimum evacuation distance in interim-short-term evacuation stage and maximum covered demand zones in long-term stage, this method has been applied to calculation and optimization of the number and location of shelter system in typical satellite town. The results from present method is proved to be richer structure hierarchy,higher utilization efficiency for limited resources and relatively higher evacuation efficiency under definite cost in study area.

关 键 词：层次性分析 避难场所系统 卫星城镇 模型 布局优化 

分 类 号：TU98[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]