土壤全氮含量和施氮水平对棉花产量及氮肥利用效率的影响  

Effects of Total N Content of Soil and N Application Levels on Seed Cotton Yield and N Use Efficiency

作　　者：李鹏程[1] 郑苍松[1] 孙淼[1] 刘绍东[1] 张思平[1] 王国平[1] 李亚兵[1] 赵新华[1] 董合林[1] LI Pengcheng ZHENG Cangsong SUN Miao LIU Shaodong ZHANG Siping WANG Guoping LI Yabing ZHAO Xinhua DONG Helin(State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 45500)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《核农学报》2017年第8期1612-1617,共6页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家棉花产业技术体系(CARS-18-17);国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD03B02);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503121;201203096)

摘　　要：为探讨不同土壤全氮含量水平下棉花的氮肥施用效应,采用盆栽试验,研究不同土壤全氮含量(0.58、0.64、0.74、0.83、1.29 g·kg^(-1))和施氮水平(每盆施加量分别为0、1.75、3.50 g)对棉花籽棉产量、氮素吸收、氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,棉花单株籽棉产量和干物重随施氮量增加而显著增加,土壤全氮含量与施氮水平对棉株根、茎、铃壳部位的干物质积累具有显著的互作效应。同一土壤条件下,棉花单株氮素积累量随施氮水平增加而显著增加。氮肥表观回收率随土壤全氮含量上升呈先降后升的变化趋势,且在土壤全氮含量0.74 g·kg^(-1)时较低,但土壤全氮含量在0.58~0.83 g·kg^(-1)内,不同施氮处理间氮肥表观回收率差异不显著。氮肥农学利用率随土壤全氮含量增加呈下降趋势。土壤全氮含量0.74 g·kg^(-1)时的氮肥生理利用率高于土壤全氮含量0.58、0.64和0.83 g·kg^(-1)。土壤全氮含量1.29g·kg^(-1)条件下,低氮水平氮肥利用效率(表观回收率、农学利用率、生理利用率)显著优于高氮水平;土壤全氮含量0.58~0.74 g·kg^(-1)时,高氮可实现增产增效;土壤全氮含量0.83~1.29 g·kg^(-1)时,低氮能维持较高的产量和氮肥利用率。本研究结果为不同土壤全氮条件下棉花氮肥投入提供了参考。In order to study the effect of total N content of soil and nitrogen（ N） fertilizer application level on dry matter accumulation,seed cotton yield and N use efficiency of cotton,a pot experiment was carried out with five total N contents of soil（ 0. 58,0. 64,0. 74,0. 83,and 1. 29 g·kg^-1） and three N application levels（ 0,1. 75,3. 50 g of every pot,respectively）. The results showed that seed cotton yield and dry matter weight of cotton plant increased significantly with the increase of N application level,and N application level and total N content of soil had significant interaction effect on dry matter accumulation of root,stem,and boll shell in cotton plant. Under the same total N content of soil,N accumulation of the cotton plant increased significantly with the increase of N application level. Apparent N recovery of cotton plant decreased when total N content of soil increased from 0. 58 to 0. 74 g·kg^-1,then increased when total N content of soil was 0. 83 g·kg^-1and declined when total N content of soil was 1. 29 g·kg^-1. No significant differences were found in N recovery of cotton plant under different N application level when total N content of soil ranged from 0. 58 to 0. 83 g·kg^-1. Agronomic N use efficiency of cotton plant declined with the increase of total N content of soil,while physiological N use efficiency with total N content of soil 0. 74 g·kg^-1was higher than that with total N content of soil0. 58,0. 64 and 0. 83 g·kg^-1. When total N content of soil was 1. 29 g·kg^-1,apparent N recovery,agronomic N use efficiency and physiological N use efficiency of cotton plant at low N application level was significantly superior to that at high N application level. When total N content of soil ranged from 0. 58 to 0. 74 g·kg^-1,higher N input improved both seed cotton yield and N use efficiency,while when total N content of soil ranged from 0. 83 to 1. 29 g·kg^-1,less N input could maintain both higher seed cotton yield and N use efficiency. The results should provide references

关 键 词：土壤全氮含量 施氮水平 棉花 籽棉产量 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]