我国14岁以上人群吸烟状况及其与支气管哮喘发病和控制的关系  

The relationship between smoking status and epidermiology of asthma in people aged over 14 years in China

作　　者：农英[1] 林江涛[1] 陈萍[2] 周新[3] 万欢英[4] 殷凯生[5] 马利军[6] 吴昌归[7] 李靖[8] 刘春涛[9] 苏楠[1] 刘国梁[1] 谢华[2] 汤葳[4] 黄茂[5] 陈燕[8] 刘媛华[9] 宋立强[7] 陈献亮[6] 张永明[1] 王文雅[1] 李雯[10] 孙立超[11] 

机构地区：[1]中日友好医院呼吸与危重症医学科,北京100029 [2]沈阳军区总医院呼吸内科 [3]上海交通大学医学院第一人民医院呼吸科 [4]上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院呼吸科 [5]江苏省人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科 [6]河南省人民医院呼吸内科 [7]第四军医大学西京医院呼吸内科 [8]广州呼吸疾病研究所 [9]四川大学华西医院呼吸与危重症医学科 [10]中日友好医院SICU,北京100029 [11]中日友好医院急诊科,北京100029

出　　处：《中华内科杂志》2017年第7期485-489,共5页Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine

基　　金：中华医学会临床医学科研专项资金（07010400048）;首都医学发展科研基金（2007-1011）

摘　　要：目的 调查我国14岁以上人群吸烟状况及其与支气管哮喘（以下简称哮喘）发病和控制的关系.方法 2010年2月至2012年8月采用多级随机整群抽样方法,以8个省市年龄〉 14岁的常住居民为研究对象进行入户问卷调查,了解我国14岁以上人群吸烟状况,根据病史、体征和肺功能检查确诊哮喘患者,分析吸烟与哮喘发病和控制的关系.结果 入户调查共计180 099人,回收有效调查问卷164 215份（男性79 692人,女性84 523人）,其中诊断哮喘者2 034例（1.24％）.调查人群总体吸烟率23.8％ （39 137/164 215）;哮喘人群吸烟率34.5％（702/2 034）,非哮喘人群吸烟率23.7％（38 435/162 181）.单因素分析显示,吸烟者哮喘患病率高于不吸烟者（1.79％比1.06％,P〈0.001）,OR为1.70,95％ CI 1.55 -1.86.依据哮喘控制测试评分的哮喘控制标准,非吸烟哮喘患者哮喘完全控制率为43.2％（576/1 332）,高于吸烟哮喘患者35.3％ （248/702） （P〈0.05）.既往1年中,吸烟哮喘患者因哮喘发作年平均住院0.51次/例,平均住院率为27.35％（192/702）,年平均急诊就诊0.80次/例,平均急诊率为31.77％（223/702）;非吸烟哮喘患者因哮喘发作年平均住院0.41次/例,平均住院率为20.12％（268/1 332）,年平均急诊就诊0.60次/例,平均急诊率为24.47％（326/1 332）;吸烟哮喘患者哮喘控制水平明显差于非吸烟哮喘患者.结论 我国14岁以上人群吸烟率仍处于较高水平,吸烟者哮喘患病率明显高于非吸烟者,吸烟哮喘患者的哮喘控制水平低于非吸烟哮喘患者.Objective To study the relationship between bronchial asthma and smoking status in Chinese people.Methods Asthma epidemiological survey and stratified-cluster-random method survey were performed in residents over 14 years in 8 provinces （cities） of China from February 2010 to August 2012.Asthma was diagnosed based upon case history,clinical signs and lung function test.Smoking status was investigated by questionnaire.Results Sampling population was 180 099 and 164 215 were valid.A total of 2 034 subjects were diagnosed as asthma including 79 692 men and 84 523 women.The overall prevalence rate of asthma was 1.24% （2 034/164 215）.Smokers were 23.8% （39 137/164 215） in the whole population.Smokers were 34.5% （702/2 034） in asthmatic patients,compared with 23.7% （38 435/ 162 181） in no-asthmatic population.The incidence of asthma was 1.79% and 1.06% in smokers and nonsmokers respectively （P 〈0.001）,suggesting that OR of smoking was 1.70 （95% CI 1.55-1.86,P 〈 0.001）.According to asthma control test （ACT） score,the level of asthma control in non smoking group was higher than that in smoking group（43.2% vs 35.3%）.The times of hospitalization due to acute exacerbations （0.51 vs 0.41 events/person/year）,total hospitalization rate （27.35 % vs 20.12%）,annual emergency room visits （0.80 vs 0.60 events/person/year） and emergency room visit rate （31.77% vs 24.47%） were all much higher in smoking asthmatic patients than those in non smoking asthmatic patients,indicating that the level of asthma control in smoking patients was significantly worse than in non smoking patients.Conclusions The smoking rate in Chinese people over 14 years is still high.The prevalence rate of asthma in smokers is significantly higher than that of non-smokers.The level of asthma control in smokers is significantly worse than that in non smokers.

关 键 词：哮喘 吸烟 患病率 疾病控制 

分 类 号：R562.25[医药卫生—呼吸系统]