产前宣教提高新生儿重症监护病房早产儿的母乳喂养率  

Prenatal education increases breastfeeding rate of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit

作　　者：黄晓芳[1] 冯琪[1] 茹喜芳[1] 王颖[1] 李星[1] 张欣[1] 郑艳[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学第一医院儿科,100034 [2]北京大学第一医院产科,100034

出　　处：《中华围产医学杂志》2017年第7期493-500,共8页Chinese Journal of Perinatal Medicine

基　　金：世界健康基金会“上海儿童医学中心-雅培/世界健康基金会临床营养发展中心项目”（AFINS-HOPE-2012-11）

摘　　要：母乳喂养是为婴儿提供健康成长和发育所需营养的理想方式，是确保儿童健康和生存的最有效措施之一。婴幼儿喂养在生命最初2年尤为重要，在此阶段如能获得最佳营养，将有助于降低婴幼儿患病率和死亡率，减少日后罹患慢性疾病的风险，促使身心发育更加健康。但在全球范围内，6个月以内婴儿的纯母乳喂养率低于40%，在5岁以下儿童死亡中，有11.6%与母乳喂养不足有关[1,2]。美国疾病预防控制中心调查显示，因母乳喂养不理想所产生的母婴双方的医疗花费，每年达数十亿美元[3]。世界卫生组织（World Health Organization，WHO）预测，如每个新生儿出生后1 h内能够开始母乳喂养，并坚持最初6个月内纯母乳喂养，则每年可挽救约80万5岁以下儿童的生命[1]。Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of maternal prenatal education on promoting breastfeeding rate for preterm infants in neonatal intensive care unit （NICU）. Methods Gravidas who were admitted to Peking University First Hospital for any risk of preterm delivery from November 2013 to December 2014 and preterm infants admitted to the NICU （length of stay≥5 d） of the same hospital during the same period were involved. All the gravidas received prenatal education and completed questionnaires. Two hundred and ninety-five preterm infants who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups including education group （n=125） and non-education group （n=170） according to whether their mothers received prenatal education or not. Conditions of the preterm infants during hospitalization and after discharge and breastfeeding rates were comparatively analyzed between the two groups. T test, Chi-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used for statistical analysis.Results（1） There were 380 gravidas received questionnaires. Among them, 346 （91.1%） completed the questionnaires and were recruited in this study. Only 31.8% （110/346） of these gravidas were active in learning more about breastfeeding and 46.2% （160/346） of them lacked confidence in breastfeeding after the appearance of preterm delivery signs. There were significant improvements in their attitudes towards ＂considering breastfeeding seriously and discussing with their family＂, ＂confidence in breastfeeding＂, ＂the importance of colostrum＂ and ＂how to breastfeed a preterm infant in hospital＂ after maternal prenatal education （all P〈0.001）. Prenatal education was thought to be helpful in 77.5% （268/346） of the gravidas. （2） The two groups of preterm infants showed good homogeneities in gestational age, gender, birth weight and other basal conditions as well as in incidences of in-hospital complications and conditions after discharge （all P〉0.05）. Proportions of breast milk intake （breast milk

关 键 词：母乳喂养 婴儿 早产 孕妇 病人教育 重症监护病房 新生儿 

分 类 号：R174.4[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]