新一代高比能量锂离子电池富锂氧化物正极材料的研究进展  

Li-rich Oxides Cathode Materials:Towards a New Generation of Lithium-ion Batteries with High Energy Density

作　　者：杨时峰 任文锋[1] 陈剑[1] YANG Shifeng REN Wenfeng CHEN Jian(Advanced Rechargeable Battery Laboratory, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大连化学物理研究所先进二次电池研究组,大连116023 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《材料导报》2017年第11期1-10,19,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2013AA050901)

摘　　要：富锂氧化物xLi_2MnO_3·(1-x)LiMO_2(M为Co、Ni、Mn等)的比容量可达250~300mAh/g,是高比能量锂离子电池正极材料的首选之一。介绍了材料的晶体结构、嵌/脱锂机制和充放电过程中发生的结构相变,分析讨论了材料出现首次不可逆容量大、电压和容量衰减快、倍率性能和低温性能较差等问题的原因,阐述了材料的合成方法及改性技术,如表面包覆、离子掺杂、形貌和晶面调控以及合成层状相-尖晶石相共生结构的异质材料等。最后从基础研究和应用研究两个方面展望了富锂氧化物材料的发展前景。Li-rich oxides xLi_2MnO_3·（ 1-x） LiMO_2（ M = Co,Ni or Mn） with specific capacity of 250—300 mAh/g are pro-mising candidates cathode materials for high specific energy density lithium-ion batteries. In this review,the crystal structure,lithium insertion/extraction mechanism,and structural transformation of Li-rich oxide during the charge-discharge processes are introduced. The issues encountered by the material including the large initial irreversible capacity,fast voltage and capacity fading,as well as the inferior rate capability and low-temperature performance are also illustrated and discussed. Then,the synthesis and modification methods including surface coating,ion doping,morphology and crystal plane control,as well as the fabrication of lamellar phase-spinel intergrown structure for the materials are described. At last,from the view of both basic and applied research,the prospects of future development for Li-rich oxides cathode material are proposed.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 高比容量正极材料 富锂氧化物 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学]