施用腐殖酸对夏玉米产量和氮效率的影响  

Effects of Application of Humic Acid on Yield,Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize

作　　者：裴瑞杰 袁天佑[2,3] 王俊忠 胡娜 李雅男 PEI RuiJie YUAN TianYou WANG JunZhong HU Na LI YaNan(Nanyang Vocational College of Agriculture, Nanyang 473000, Henan Henan Soil and Fertilizer Station, Zhengzhou 450002 GanSu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070)

机构地区：[1]南阳农业职业学院,河南南阳473000 [2]河南省土壤肥料站,郑州450002 [3]甘肃农业大学,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2017年第11期2189-2198,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：科技部粮食丰产科技工程项目(2013BAD07B07);河南省政府与中国科学院合作STS项目(KFJ-SW-STS-142)

摘　　要：【目的】研究施用腐殖酸对夏玉米产量、氮肥利用及经济效益的影响,为提高氮肥的增产效益,减少氮肥对生态环境的污染提供理论指导。【方法】在河南潮土区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作制度下,于2014年始在河南省博爱县开展田间定位试验,共设置单施磷钾肥、常规施肥、常规施肥+腐殖酸、常规施肥减氮15%+腐殖酸、常规施肥减氮30%+腐殖酸5个处理。研究不同氮肥运筹下夏玉米植株生长状况、产量及产量构成要素、氮素吸收、累积及分配、氮肥利用效率及经济效益的影响。【结果】单施磷钾肥处理与常规施肥处理相比,茎粗、穗长、穗粗、叶面积指数分别降低4.61%、8.55%、6.20%、26.91%,秃顶长增加21.60%。常规施肥较单施磷钾肥处理穗粒数、百粒重、产量分别增加8.01%、10.85%、44.45%,籽粒氮含量及氮累积量分别降低6.67%、54.07%。另外常规施肥处理产值、纯收益、产投比较单施磷钾肥处理分别增加44.45%、59.80%、43.84%。施用氮肥可以促进夏玉米植株的生长,提高夏玉米茎粗、穗长、穗粗、叶面积指数,大幅度提高夏玉米的产量,增加各部位氮素含量及累积量,进一步提高夏玉米产值、纯收益和产投比。配施腐殖酸较常规施肥处理相比可以有效改善夏玉米的农艺性状,提高夏玉米的产量,促进植株对氮素的累积和提高氮肥的利用率。其中,以常规施肥减氮15%+腐殖酸处理效果最佳,与常规施肥相比,株高、茎粗、穗长分别增加3.73%、2.30%、0.12%,秃顶长度降低22.45%,产量增加12.88%,籽粒氮含量、籽粒氮累积量、地上部总氮累积量、收获指数分别增加2.68%、25.98%、10.70%、13.79%,氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥贡献率、氮肥利用率分别增加57.46%、28.84%、22.23%、59.86%,纯收益增加8.66%。在常规施肥减氮15%的条件下配施3 000 kg·hm^(-2)腐殖酸,可有效增加夏玉米的产量,提高氮肥利用效率;【Objective】The effect of humic acid on yield, nitrogen fertilizer utilization and economic benefit of summer maizewas studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for increasing in yield of maize benefited from nitrogen fertilizer and reducing nitrogen fertilizer pollution to the ecological environment.【Method】A field experiment was started in 2014 in Boai county, Henan province where the cropping system was winter wheat and summer maize rotation and the soil was Fluvo-aquic soil. The experiment included 5 treatments： No N fertilizer（single PK fertilizer）, conventional fertilization, conventional fertilization＋humic acid, conventional fertilization and nitrogen reduction 15% ＋humic acid, conventional fertilization and nitrogen reduction 30%＋humic acid, and the effects of different nitrogen application on the growth, yield and yield components of summer maize were studied. The effects of different parts of plants on nitrogen uptake, accumulation and distribution, nitrogen use efficiency and economic benefit of summer maize under different fertilization levels were analyzed.【Result】Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, application of P, K fertilizers decreased the stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, and leaf area index by 4.61%, 8.55%, 6.20%, 26.91%, bald length increased by 21.60%. Compared with single application of P, K fertilizer, conventional fertilizer treatment increased the single grain number per ear, 100-grain weight and yield by 8.01%, 10.85%, and 44.45%, respectively. The nitrogen content and nitrogen accumulation in grain were decreased by 6.67% and 54.07%, in addition, the conventional fertilization treatment increased the production value, net income and input-output ratio by 44.45% and 59.80%, and 43.84%, respectively, showing that nitrogen fertilizer can promote maize plant growth, improve each index of biological characteristics, greatly improve the summer maize, increase the concentration and accumulation of each part of maize plant, and further t

关 键 词：腐殖酸 夏玉米 氮肥 氮肥效率 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]