“伊斯兰国”兴起的多因性探析  

On the reasons for the rise of “Islamic State”

作　　者：赵文亮[1] 贾龙阳 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学历史与社会发展学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《山东师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2017年第3期87-97,共11页Journal of Shandong Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"阿以冲突与中东恐怖主义关系研究"(12BSS032)的阶段性成果

摘　　要："伊斯兰国"的迅速兴起,是多种因素共同作用的结果。第一次世界大战期间英法为瓜分奥斯曼土耳其帝国所签署的《塞克斯—皮克特协定》,是中东地区持续动荡的根源和"伊斯兰国"兴起的根源;美国阿富汗反恐战争导致"基地"恐怖分子向中东各地流散,致使恐怖主义在中东多国死灰复燃;美国发动伊拉克战争并推翻萨达姆政权,导致中东地区出现权力真空,为"伊斯兰国"的兴起提供了发展空间;中东部分国家出于国家利益等方面考量,暗中支持"伊斯兰国",为其发展壮大大开方便之门;2011年"阿拉伯之春"运动导致中东多国陷入动荡,尤其是叙利亚内战爆发后国际社会在叙利亚问题上的严重分歧,导致大批极端分子趁机兴风作浪,"伊斯兰国"乘势在叙利亚和伊拉克异军突起,并在世界多国发动恐怖袭击,引起国际社会普遍担忧,对世界和平与国际局势也构成了新的威胁。The rapid rise of＂Islamic State＂ is the result of many factors： the Sykes-Picot Agreement signed by Britain and France to carve up the Ottoman Empire during the First World War is the source of the continuing turbulence in the Middle East as well as a historical account of the recrudescence of ＂Islamic State＂ ; US war on terrorism in Afghanistan forced Al Qaeda terrorists to flee to various areas of the Middle East, which resulted in the recrudescence of terrorism in many countries of the Middle East; the United States launched the Iraq War and subverted the rule of Saddam, which caused a vacancy of power that left room for the rise of ＂Islamic State＂ ; some countries in the Middle East gave secret support to ＂Islamic State＂ due to their interests, which provided favorable conditions for its development; the ＂Arab Spring＂ in 2011 caused chaos in various countries of the Middle East, and in particular, the international community＇ s extremely divergent opinions about Syria issue after the outbreak of the Syrian civil war, which created opportunities for a multitude of extremists to make troubles. ＂Islamic State＂ suddenly emerged in Syria and Iraq, and launched terrorist attacks in various countries of the world, which attracted widespread concern of the international community and posed a new threat to world peace and international situation.

关 键 词：伊斯兰国 兴起 美国中东政策 伊拉克战争 叙利亚内战 

分 类 号：K10[历史地理—历史学]