“信仰私享”与“平等社会”--当代中国的宗教信仰方式及其价值观  

Private Believe and Average Society——The Pattern of Religious Believe and its Value in Contemporary Chinese

作　　者：李向平[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学社会学系 [2]华东师范大学宗教与社会研究中心,上海2000241

出　　处：《学术月刊》2017年第7期165-179,共15页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社科基金重大研究项目“现阶段我国社会大众精神文化生活调查研究”(12&ZD012);“中国民间信仰研究”(10&ZD113)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：有没有信仰,信什么,如何信,这本是当代中国社会大众的精神文化现象中最令人困惑的事情。但当下社会的大众精神文化中又呈现了"信仰私享"等奇特现象,更值得关注与讨论。社会学的调研发现,这种"个人私享"的信仰方式,虽然自称信仰宗教,却并不太认同一个"有信仰的社会",社会中最信任的对象就是自己,如在其困难之际最先求助的往往是熟人与朋友,同时很追求社会的平等与公正。这种信仰私人化与西方社会个体化表面上近似,但这却是中国语境中"制度化的私人主义"。它们构成了"个人私享"与"平等社会"之间的张力,貌似一种心理学的奇怪现象,实则象征着包装社会的支配结构。它目前停滞在"私人范畴"之中,与正在成型的当代中国大众社会具有某种深层的内在关联。Do the Chinese people have belief？. What do they believe in？ How do they believe？ These should be the most confusing issues on the spiritual and cultural phenomenon of the mass society in contemporary China. Nevertheless, in the popular spiritual culture of the contemporary society, peculiar phenomena including ＂privatization of faith＂ have emerged, which is more worthwhile to be discussed. Through sociological research, it is discovered that in the believe pattern of ＂privatism＂, although Chinese people claim to believe in a religion, they do not identify with ＂a society with faith＂. One will consider himself as the most credible person in the society and will first ask acquaintances and friends for help if he is in trouble. Meanwhile, he greatly pursues the average and justice of the society. Apparently, this private believe resembles quite a lot the individualization of the western society. However, it is the ＂institutionalized privatism＂ under the Chinese context, which forms the intension between private believe and society of equality, and is probably using psychological words to justify the dominant structure of the society. It now stagnates in the ＂private category＂ and has certain deep intrinsic connections with the forming mass society in contemporary China.

关 键 词：私人化信仰方式 制度化私人主义 大众社会 

分 类 号：B9[哲学宗教—宗教学]