占有法律制度重构  

Construction of the Possession Law:The Supplement and Modification of the Possession Chapter in the Property Law

作　　者：王洪亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2017年第4期27-43,共17页Journal of National Prosecutors College

基　　金：中国法学会2015年度部级法学研究重点委托课题[CLS(2015)ZZWZDWT02]阶段性成果

摘　　要：现行《物权法》占有一章的规定简单且不成体系,需要重构。建议将占有回复关系规定在原物返还请求权之后,删除《物权法》第241条,构建完整的占有制度。占有制度应规定在物权法总则部分,首先规定直接占有、间接占有、占有辅助人等制度内核,并补充规定占有的取得、移转与丧失制度,然后规定占有状态推定以及占有权利推定制度。占有保护的根据在于维护和平说,占有保护请求权是刑法之外不可低估的保障与维持国家权力垄断的法律制度。建议规定禁止之私力概念,在占有保护之诉中不得以本权进行抗辩制度,并增设占有防御请求权。The provisions of the Chapter of Possession of Property Law are simple and fragile and need to be reconstructed.This article proposes to put the claim of returning the possession after the claim for restitution of original object and to remove the Article 241 of Property Law,so as to build a complete possession system.This article advocates that the possession system should be stipulated in the general rules of property law.In the possession law itself,the first provisions shall include direct possession,indirect possession and possession assistant as the core of the law,and then supplement the provisions of the acquisition,transfer and loss of the possession.The law should finally provide the presumption of possession status and the presumption of possession right.For the protection of the possession,this article holds that the basis of protection lies in the maintenance of peace,since the protection of possession is an important power to maintain and support the monopoly of the force of state.This article also suggests that the concept of the forbidden private power should be provided.In the case of possession protection,the original right shall not be put against the possession,and the defense claim of possession should be added.

关 键 词：占有 直接占有 间接占有 占有辅助人 占有保护请求权 

分 类 号：D923.04[政治法律—民商法学]