桂西北白云岩坡地典型土体构型石灰土水文特征  

Hydrological characteristics of calcareous soil with contrasting architecture on dolomite slope of Northwest Guangxi

作　　者：张兴[1,2,3] 王克林[1,3] 付智勇[1,3] 陈洪松[1,3] 张伟[1,3] 史志华[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,长沙410125 [2]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070 [3]中国科学院环江喀斯特农业生态系统观测研究站,广西环江547100

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2017年第7期2186-2196,共11页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0502403);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2015CB452703);国家自然科学基金项目(41671287);湖南省自然科学基金项目(14JJ3144)资助~~

摘　　要：综合运用传统水文学、氢氧稳定同位素和原位模拟降雨等方法,研究了桂西北白云岩坡地典型土体构型石灰土微区(2 m×1.2 m)土壤水文功能.白云岩峰丛坡地沿坡向下表现出通体砂、上壤下砂、通体壤、上黏下砂4种典型石灰土土链格局,所有构型土体微区地表稳定入渗速率高达41~48 mm·h^(-1),地表径流少,且表现为蓄满产流,壤中流和深层渗漏是重要水文过程;壤中流依据土壤发生层层次分为A、C层壤中流,对于A层壤中流,通体砂、上黏下砂以及上壤下砂构型土体微区以基质流为主,通体壤构型土体表现为优先流;对于C层壤中流,所有构型土体微区均表现为优先流特征.白云岩坡地土壤连续分布,虽土层浅薄但仍表现出沿坡向下的土链格局,不同土体构型土壤水文性质的差异主要体现在地表以下各界面产流过程,研究证实该区土壤水文功能的研究应具备三维立体视角,发展更加侧重地下水文过程观测和研究的新方法,才能全面揭示喀斯特坡地近地表水文过程.The traditional hydrology method, stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope technology, and rainfall simulation method were combined to investigate the hydrological function of small experi- mental plots （2 m×1.2 m） of contrasting architecture in Northwest Guangxi dolomite area. There were four typical catenary soils along the dolomite peak-cluster slope, which were the whole-sand, up-loam and down-sand, the whole loam, up-clay and down-sand soil types, respectively. All the experimental plots generated little amounts of overland runoff and had a high surface infiltration rate, ranging from 41 to 48 mm · h^-1 , and the interflow and deep percolation were the dominant hydrological progress. The interflow was classified into interflow in soil clay A and C according to soil genetic layers. For interflow in soil clay A, matrix flow was generated from the whole-sand, up- loam and down-sand, up-clay and clown-sand soil types, but preferential flow dominated in the whole-loam soil type. As for interflow in soil clay C, preferential flow dominated in the whole-loam, up-clay and down-sand, up-loam and down-sand soil types. The soils were shallow yet continuously distributed along the dolomite slope. The difference of hydrological characteristics in soil types with different architectures mainly existed in the runoff generation progress of each interface underground. It proved that the a 3-D perspective was needed to study the soil hydrological functions on dolomite slope of Northwest Guangxi, and a new way paying more attention on underground hydrological pro-gress should be explored to fully reveal the near-surface hydrological processes on karst slope.

关 键 词：土体构型 地表径流 壤中流 氢氧稳定同位素 产流机制 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]