基于稳定同位素技术的海州湾海洋牧场食物网基础及营养结构的季节性变化  

Food web foundation and seasonal variation of trophic structure based on the stable isotopic technique in the marine ranching of Haizhou Bay,China

作　　者：谢斌[1] 李云凯[1,2] 张虎[3] 张硕[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306 [2]大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海201306 [3]江苏省海洋水产研究所,江苏南通226007

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2017年第7期2292-2298,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：海州湾海洋牧场示范项目(D-8006-12-0018;D8006-15-8014);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003068;201303047);国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2006AA100303)资助~~

摘　　要：基于稳定同位素技术对2015年春季海州湾海洋牧场海域采集的中小型生物消费者,包括鱼类、虾类、蟹类、头足类、螺类和双壳类等与其潜在碳源样品进行分析,利用IsoSource模型计算该海域消费者碳源贡献率,并对2014年夏季生物学样品与2015年春季样品比较,分析食物网营养结构的季节性变化,根据稳定同位素测定结果绘制二维双标图,计算出6种营养结构的量化指标.结果表明:2015年春季海州湾海洋牧场海域消费者的δ^(13)C值范围为-18.9‰^-17.1‰,3种潜在碳源[浮游植物、悬浮颗粒有机物(POM)、沉积物(SOM)]的δ^(13)C值范围为-18.1‰^-23.4‰,根据模型计算得出浮游植物对消费者的平均碳源贡献最大,为80.8%,其余依次为SOM和POM,分别为10.8%和8.4%.2014年夏季生物样品与2015年春季样品的δ^(13)C值存在显著差异,而δ^(15)N值无显著性差异;6种量化指标表明群落营养结构存在季节性差异,2014年夏季的δ^(13)C比值范围(CR)、总面积(TA)、平均最邻近距离(NND)和平均最邻近距离标准差(SDNND)均大于2015年春季,δ^(15)N比值范围(NR)和平均离心距离(CD)无明显变化,夏季群落营养结构冗余度小于春季,且食源多样性水平高于春季,存在季节差异.Stable isotope technique was applied to investigate the small and medium-size consumers including not only fish, shrimps, crabs, cephalopods, snails and bivalves, but also the specimens of their potential carbon sources, which were collected in the marine ranching area of Haizhou Bay during the spring of 2015. IsoSource model was adopted to calculate the contribution of potential carbon sources to the consumers. Biospeciemens collected in the summer of 2014 were compared with those in the spring of 2015, aiming to analyze the seasonal variation in the trophic structure of food web. Six quantitative community indices were calculated based on the isotope values of the or- ganisms in Haizhou Bay. The results showed that the δ13C values of consumers ranged from -18.9‰ to -17.1‰, and the δ13C values of three potential food sources ranged from -18.1‰ to -23.4‰ in the spring of 2015. The calculation results of IsoSource model further demonstrated that the phyto- plankton was the most important carbon source for consumers （80.8%）, followed by sediment or- ganic matter （ 10.8% ） and particulate organic matter （ 8.4% ）. There was a significant difference in the δ13C values between the biospecimens in the summer of 2014 and those in the spring of 2015, while no significant difference was observed in 815N values. Trophic structure of community-wide differed remarkably in different seasons indicated by the six quantitative community indices. The δ13c range, total area, mean nearest neighbor distance and standard deviation of nearest neighbor distance of the community were much higher in 2014 than those in 2015, but the δ15N range and mean distance to eentroid showed no significant change. The trophie structure redundancy was lower in the summer of 2014 compared with that in the sources was higher in the summer of 2014. spring of 2015, however, the diversity of food re-

关 键 词：稳定同位素 海州湾 食物网基础 营养结构 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]