论夫妻共同债务的认定与清偿  

The Criterion and Liquidation of Matrimonial Community Debt

作　　者：江凌[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海200042

出　　处：《河北科技师范学院学报（社会科学版）》2017年第2期52-57,共6页Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：我国夫妻债务立法存在体系混乱、标准不一等缺陷。《婚姻法》规定的用于共同生活标准与司法解释的时间标准在夫妻共同债务的认定上发生冲突。通过借鉴其他大陆法系国家的立法经验,以举债是否用于共同生活或者双方合意作为判断夫妻共同债务的基本标准。该举证责任由债务人承担更显公平。债权人须对构成表见代理的负债承担证明责任。婚姻共同体的形成与法定财产共有制使夫妻债务具有合伙债务的特征。在对外效果上,优先以共同财产清偿,不足清偿的,拥有代理权或代理表象的共同债务由双方的个人财产承担无限连带责任。对内构建个人财产与共同财产的补偿与追偿机制。特殊情况下,为维护债权人与配偶方的利益,需要规定非常财产制从而达到婚内析产的效果。Chinese matrimonial community system has several defects, such as different judging standards and confusing regulations. The criterion of living together specified by Law of Marriage has been conflicted with the criterion regulated by the judicial interpretations, which regards debt incurred within the time of marriage as matrimonial community debt. Based on the legislative experience of other Civil Law countries, whether the purpose of debt is for common life or whether the mutual assent exists between spouses becomes two criteria of matrimonial community debt. The debtors shall bear the burden of proof to pursue justice. At the same time, the creditors who claim that the debt has an apparent authority shall prove it. The formation of matrimonial community and common property system has made the common debt possess the features of partnership. The liquidation of the common debt have firstly been as- sumed by common property. If they cannot be satisfied, then the common debt which possess an apparent authority shall be paid by personal property and spouses shall bear the unlimited joint liability. The compensation system be- tween common and personal property should be established. In certain special circumstances, the law shall provide a very property system to protect the interests of spouses and creditors.

关 键 词：夫妻共同债务 清偿路径 家事代理权 共同财产 非常财产制 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]