异交率对大豆不育系种子质量的影响及调控方法  

Influence of Out-crossing Rate on Seed Quality in Sterile Soybean Lines and Regulating Ways

作　　者：赵鑫[1] 彭宝[1] 张井勇[1] 闫昊[1] 张春宝[1] 赵丽梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院大豆研究所/大豆国家工程研究中心,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《大豆科学》2017年第4期487-493,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0101502);吉林省科技厅重大科技攻关项目(20170201001NY)

摘　　要：为查明一些大豆不育系成熟期不落叶和皱缩种子比例偏高的原因,2015-2016年以低、中、高异交率的不育系和保持系为材料,分析了库源流特征和皱缩种子的产生规律,并探讨了不同调控方法对降低皱缩种子比例的有效性。结果表明:R6期开始,中低异交率不育系的叶片SPAD值下降速度明显慢于其同型保持系,而高异交率不育系的变动趋势则与保持系趋同,并且其营养器官内的NPK元素能够更快更彻底地转移至种子;皱缩种子比例偏高会显著降低种子的发芽势和发芽率,通过改变收获时期降低皱缩种子比例的效果并不明显,过早收获反而不利于种子发育;剪叶和稀植能够有效提高异交率,降低皱缩种子的比例。因此,异交率偏低导致的源库比例失衡是一些大豆不育系成熟期不落叶和皱缩种子比例偏高的直接原因,通过剪叶、稀植等方法提高不育系异交率是改善这些问题的有效方法。To investigate the reason of no fallen leave and high shrinking seeds proportion in some sterile lines in soybean, sterile lines with low, middle and high out-crossing rate and its maintainer lines were used from 2015 to 2016 to analyze the traits of sink-source characteristics, rule of shrinking seeds appearance and effectiveness of different regulating ways. The resuits showed that leaf SPAD value in sterile lines with low and middle out-crossing rate declined obviously slowly than its maintainer lines, however, the trends was convergence between high out-crossing rate sterile and its maintainer line. The elements of N, P, K in vegetative organs in high out-crossing rate sterile line could be moved faster and thoroughly to seeds. High proportion of shrinking seeds lower germinate force and rate apparently, but the effectiveness by changing harvest time was limited, on the contrary, harvesting too early went against development of seeds. Cutting leave and rarely planting could enhance out-crossing rate and lower proportion of shrinking seeds effectively. Therefore, low out-crossing rate was the direct reason of no fallen leave during mature stage and high proportion shrinking seeds in some sterile lines, through cutting leave and rarely plant to enhance out-crossing rate was effective way to improve those problems.

关 键 词：异交率 大豆不育系 皱缩种子 源库关系 调控方法 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]