带状复合种植对玉米和大豆光合特性及籽粒产量的影响  

Effects of the Strip Compound Planting System on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Grain Yield of Maize and Soybean

作　　者：徐延辉[1] 王畅[1] 郑殿峰[1,2] 冯乃杰[1] 梁晓艳[1] 刘洋[3] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]黑龙江八一农垦大学国家杂粮工程技术研究中心,黑龙江大庆163319 [3]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院/农业部农作制度重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《大豆科学》2017年第4期540-546,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300204)

摘　　要：为比较带状复合种植和清种种植模式下玉米和大豆光合特性以及产量的差异,2015年和2016年进行大田试验,研究了玉米和大豆2∶4带状复合种植模式及清种种植对玉米和大豆光合特性及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:(1)与清种玉米相比,对于高秆品种(垦丰41),带状复合种植提高了玉米净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和水分利用效率;对于矮秆品种(垦丰40),2015年带状复合种植净光合速率等指标略小于清种玉米,但水分利用效率和胞间CO2浓度均大于清种玉米,有利于玉米籽粒内含物质的积累,而2016年净光合速率和蒸腾速率等指标均大于清种玉米;(2)对于高秆品种(垦丰41),除叶绿素含量略小外,清种大豆的各光合生理指标均大于带状复合种植;对于矮秆品种(垦丰40),带状复合种植净光合速率、气孔导度和叶绿素均大于清种大豆,且净光合速率均达到极显著差异水平;(3)带状复合种植增加了玉米穗粒数、穗重、籽粒重,虽产量较清种略有降低,但总经济效益高于清种;(4)带状复合种植大豆较清种大豆单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重均有所降低,且产量明显下降,但总体经济效益高于清种经济效益。综合分析认为:玉米大豆带状复合种植增加了玉米光合生理特性,且对于增加玉米和大豆总产量和总体经济效益具有重要意义。In order to compare the differences of the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize and soybean under the strip compound planting and monoeuhure, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of strip compound planting system （maize-soybean 2：4） and corresponding monoculture on photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of maize and soybean in two growing seasons （2015 and 2016）. The results showed that： （ 1 ） As to the tall cuhivar （ Kenfeng 41 ） , the strip compound planting increased the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 con- centration and water use efficiency of maize compared with maize monoeuhured. Although the net photosynthetic rate of the strip compound planting was slightly less than that of the maize monocultured in 2005, the water use efficiency and intercellu- lar C02 concentration were larger than that of the monoeuhure, which was beneficial to the accumulation of substance in maize grain, when the soybean variety was the dwarf variety （Kenfeng 40）. （2） As to the tall cultivar （Kenfeng 41 ） , the photosynthetic physiological indexes of soybean monocultured was larger than that of the strip compound planting except the content of chlorophyll was smaller; As to the dwarf cultivar （Kenfeng 40）, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content of the strip compound planting were higher than those of soybean monocuhured, and the net photosynthetic rate was significantly different. （3） The strip compound planting increased the grain number per ear, ear weight and seeds weight of maize. Although the yield of the strip compound planting was slightly lower, the total economic benefit was higher than that of maize monocuhured. （4） The number of pods per plant, grain number per plant, grain weight per plant, 100-seed weight and yield were decreased, but the total economic benefit was higher than that of soybean monocuhured. According to the data analysis, it was fo

关 键 词：带状复合种植 清种 玉米 大豆 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S565.1