河北大海陀自然保护区大型真菌资源及生态分布  

Resource and Ecological Distribution of Microfungi in Dahaituo National Nature Reserve of Hebei Province

作　　者：武占军 宋超[2] 林田苗 余琦殷[2] 于梦凡[2] 邢韶华[2] 李永霞 任志和 刘永胜 

机构地区：[1]河北大海陀国家级自然保护区管理处,河北赤城075599 [2]北京林业大学自然保护区学院,北京100083 [3]水利部水土保持植物开发管理中心,北京100038

出　　处：《中国食用菌》2017年第4期8-14,共7页Edible Fungi of China

基　　金：河北大海陀国家级自然保护区综合科学考察项目

摘　　要：运用样线与样地相结合的方法对河北大海陀自然保护区内的大型真菌的种类及分布特征进行了调查分析。已确认保护区内分大型真菌182种,隶属于25科、68属,其中白蘑科、多孔菌科、牛肝菌科、蘑菇科、丝膜菌科、鬼伞科、红菇科等7个科为优势科,科内种类较多,均在10种以上。按经济用途分,保护区内分布有食用菌23科、药用菌13科、毒菌9科、其他类型14科。保护区内的大型真菌主要分布在草地、榆树林、平榛毛榛灌丛、山杨林、白桦林、油松林等植物群落内,均在15种以上,主要的攀附基质是土坡。同时发现,大型真菌的物种多样性与海拔、植被类型和攀附基质具有较高的联系,在海拔900 m^1 200 m的范围内,大型真菌的种类最多;相对于次生林而言,原始林内大型真菌不仅种类多样,数量也多。Preliminary investigation and analysis on macrofungi species and distribution are made by using a combination method of plots and line transect in Hebei Dahaituo national nature reserve. There are 182 species, which belong to 68 genera and 25 families, in the nature reserve. Tricholomataceae, Polyporaceae, Boletaceae, Agarieaeeae, Cortinariaceae, Coprinaceae and Russulaceae are dominant families, and there are more than ten species in each family. According to economic value, there are 94 edible fungi, 47 medicinal fungi and 27 poisonous fungi in the nature reserve. Grass land, Ulmus pumila forest, Coryltas mandshurica bushwood, Betula platyphylla forest and Populus davidiana forest are main communities for macrofungi distribution, in which there are more than 15 species distributed, and the grass land is the most main substrate for macrofungi among these communities. We also find that macrofungi diversity is closely related with altitude, vegetation and substrate. The number of macrofungi species is the largest at the ahitude of 900 meters to 1 200 meters. Comparing with secondary forest, the maerofungi in the primeval forest have not only much more species, but also larger quantities.

关 键 词：大型真菌 物种多样性 生态分布 资源 河北大海陀自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学]