天险变通途:鸦片战争时期英军在中国沿海的水文调查  

Turning the Natural Moat into a Thoroughfare:British Navy's Maritime Surveys in the Chinese Coastal Areas during the Opium War

作　　者：王涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学人文学院历史系,讲师金华321004

出　　处：《近代史研究》2017年第4期24-37,共14页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"清中叶英国在南海的地图测绘及其影响研究(1780-1820)"(15CZS015)的中期成果之一

摘　　要：鸦片战争前,英国人对中国沿海缺乏地理认知,也缺乏准确的海图,这是制约英军坚船利炮航行作战,以及战略战术实施的关键问题。为此,鸦片战争期间英军在中国沿海展开大范围水文调查,涉及江浙和北方近岸海域、珠江和甬江等重要内河、长江下游等地。清廷缺乏海权观念,海上军事实力不足,没有有效阻止英军的调查。这改变了英军对中国沿海的地理认知,影响到战船、火炮、兵力的配置以及战略战术的实施,对战争的结局产生了重要影响。Before the Opium War,the British had little geographic knowledge about the Chinese coastal areas and they also lacked accurate maritime maps.This was an essential shortcoming that restricted the British Navy’s military actions.Therefore,during the Opium War,the British Navy conducted large-scale maritime surveys in the coastal areas in Zhejiang,Jiangsu,and north China,as well as the important rivers such as the Pearl River and the Yong River,and the Yangtze Delta.The Qing court did not have the idea of maritime rights,nor a strong navy,so it failed to stop the British surveys.The surveys changed the British Navy’s geographic knowledge and thus had a great impact on the result of the Opium War.

关 键 词：鸦片战争 英军 水文调查 海图 

分 类 号：K253[历史地理—历史学]