畲民科举中的“盘瓠”影响——以清乾道时期(1775-1847)浙闽官私文献为考察核心  

Effects of Pan Hu in the She People's Imperial Examination: A Case Study on Zhejiang and Fujian's Official and Private Documents in the Qian-Dao Era of the Qing Dynasty (1775-1847)

作　　者：孟令法[1] MENG Lingfa

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院研究生院

出　　处：《贵州民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2017年第3期168-184,共17页Journal of Guizhou Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Science

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目"畲族民间文献的历史人类学研究"[项目编号:15BMZ026]

摘　　要：清乾道时期(1775-1847),因科举制度不完善和族群(个体)利益争夺,汉民士子假借盘瓠神话以阻止畲民参加各级科举考试,而以钟正芳、钟良弼、蓝芳、雷云等为代表的畲民士子,在历经"抗阻考"诉讼后,分获"一体科考权"。虽然政府部门以"禁阻考"文告来保障畲民的平等权利,但这并未在深受神话历史化影响的汉民社会中得到普遍认可。总之,神话历史化有其合理分析相应口头传统的功能,但同一神话在不同族群中的不同理解也会呈现程度不一的负面影响,而这恰恰是需要神话学从业者关注的一大重点。In the Qian -Dao Era of the Qing Dynasty （1775 -1847 ） ,the imperial exami- nation （Kejia） system was deficient and group or individual conflicts of inter- ests occurred. Some Han scholars prevented the She people from attending the imperial examination at the excuse of the Pan Hu myths. It was then that such She people＇s scholars as Zhong Zhengfang, Zhong Liangbi, Lan Fang and Lei Yun took a lead in fighting against the ban. Later they won the battle and were granted the right of imperial examination. Nevertheless, their right was not uni- versally acknowledged in the Han community much influenced by the Pan Hu origins. It is argued that the myth historicization may have rational analyses and oral traditions, but different ethnic groups may have different understandings, some being negative. It is such negative aspects that myth researchers should pay much attention to.

关 键 词：科举取士 盘瓠神话 神话历史化 乾道时期 官私文献 

分 类 号：K890[历史地理—民俗学]