导致苹果白粉病严重发生的关键气象因素分析  

Analysis on key climate factors causing serious occurrence of powdery mildew on apple

作　　者：闫相如[1] 张瑜[1] 胡同乐[1] 曹克强[1] YAN Xiangru ZHANG Yu HU Tongle CAO Keqiang(College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学植物保护学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《河北林果研究》2017年第2期155-163,共9页Hebei Journal of Forestry and Orchard Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划"苹果化肥农药减施增效技术集成研究与示范"(2016YFD0201126)

摘　　要：2011—2016年,苹果白粉病在全国苹果主产区的发生呈现出明显的波动,突出表现在2014年和2015年,该病在多个苹果产区发生严重,尤其是2015年有18个试验站发生等级在4~5级。为明确其原因,调查了2011—2016年国家苹果产业技术体系25个综合试验站的气象资料,分析结果表明,自2011至2015年冬季最低温度有明显的升高趋势,有23个站点冬季最低温升高了2~8℃不等;2015年4月份各站平均降雨量显著偏多,达到51.3mm,为6a之最,各站平均降雨天数达到7.8d,明显多于其他年份。综上所述,冬季最低温度升高、春季4月份降雨增多及降雨次数频繁是近年白粉病发生严重的主要原因,建议在防治上暖冬年份要特别注意冬季和春季的清园,以及春季降雨前后的及时用药。From 2011 to 2016, the occurrence of apple powdery mildew in the main apple pro- ducing areas of our country showed significant fluctuations with serious occurrence in 2014 and 2015 in many apple producing areas, especidly in 2015, it occured at grade 4-5 in 18 experimental stations. The climate data of 25 experimental apple stations from 2011 to 2016 were investigated in order to explore the reason. The results showed that there was a signifi- cant increase in winter minimum temperature from 2011 to 2015, and the temperature of the 23 stations increased by 2 to 8 degrees. In April of 2015, the average rainfall reached 51.3 mm, which was the highest in the past 6 years. The average rainfall days of each station reached 7.8 days, significantly more than that of other years. In conclusion, the rise of win- ter minimum temperature and increasing rainfall in spring especially in April are the main climatic reasons for the serious occurrence of powdery mildew on apple. Therefore, it is sug- gested to clean the orchard during winter and spring, and spray insecticide before and after rainfall during spring, especially in warm winter years.

关 键 词：苹果树 白粉病 气象原因 温度 降雨 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]