垄沟集雨种植对土壤贮水量和紫花苜蓿生长特性的影响  

Effects of ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting on soil moisture and alfalfa growth characteristics

作　　者：宋兴阳 王琦[1] 胡广荣[1] 李富春[1] 王鹤龄[2] SONG Xing-yang WANG Qi HU Guang-rong LI Fu-chun WANG He-ling(College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem,Ministry of Education/Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province/ Sino-U. S. Centers for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability ,Lanzhou 730070, China Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Changing and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province/Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省气候变化与减灾重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2017年第3期60-67,共8页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：国家自然基金(41461062);(41161090)资助

摘　　要：采用完全随机设计田间试验,研究不同覆盖材料(普通地膜、生物可降解地膜和土壤结皮)和不同沟垄比(60∶30,60∶45和60∶60cm)对紫花苜蓿土壤贮水量和生长特性的影响。结果表明:土壤贮水量的排列次序为普通膜垄>生物可降解膜垄>土垄>平作,在同一覆盖材料下,土壤贮水量、株高和分枝数随垄宽增加而增加,茎叶比随垄宽增加而减小。就同一覆盖材料平均值而言,与平作相比,土垄、生物可降解膜垄和普通膜垄的土壤贮水量分别增加16.7,29.2和34.9mm;株高分别提高28%,52%和56%;分枝数分别提高7%,20%和25%;茎叶比分别降低4%,11%和8%。在半干旱地区利用垄沟集雨种植紫花苜蓿,土垄、生物可降解膜垄和普通膜垄可以增加土壤贮水量,改善土壤水分状况,提高紫花苜蓿越冬率,促进紫花苜蓿生长,综合分析,生物可降解地膜可以作为半干旱区种植紫花苜蓿的最佳覆盖材料。In order to provide a theoretical basis for the planting of alfalfa in semiarid areas on Loess Plateau in northwestern China,a field experiment with a randomized complete block design was conducted during alfalfa growing season in 2013,at Dingxi Arid Meteorology and Ecological Environment Experimental Station of the Institute of Arid Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration.The experiment was designed to investigate the effects of different mulching materials（manually compacted soil crust,biodegradable mulch film,and common plastic film）and furrow to ridge ratios（60∶30,60∶45,and 60∶60 [cm∶cm]）on soil moisture and alfalfa growth characteristics.The results showed that the order of soil water storage was ridge covered with common plastic film（RCPF）〉ridge covered with biodegradable mulch film（RCBF）〉ridge with compacted soil（RCS）〉traditional planting（TP）.Under the same mulching materials,soil water storage,plant height and branches increased with increasing ridge width,while ratio of steam to leaf increased with decreasing ridge width.Compared with TP,the soil water storage increased by 16.7,29.2 and 34.9 mm,plant height increased by 28%,52% and 56%,branch numbers increased by 7%,20% and 25%,while ratio of steam to leaf decreased by 4%,11%and 8%respectively for RCS,RCBF and RCPF.RCS,RCBF and RCPF could improve soil water content and soil water storage,increase the survival rate and improve growth of alfalfa.Taking all factors into consideration,the biodegradable mulch film could be used in alfalfa production in semiarid areas.

关 键 词：覆盖材料 沟垄比 土壤贮水量 紫花苜蓿 生长特性 

分 类 号：S541[农业科学—作物学] S152.7