青海4种棘豆属植物精细表观特征比较  

Comparison on the fine apparent characteristics of four species of Oxytropis in Qinghai

作　　者：赵敏[1] 孙敏 丁谦谊 于应文[1] ZHAO Min SUN Min DING Qian-yi YU Ying-wen(College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology ,Lanzhou University ,Lanzhou 730020 ,China Social Security Bureau of Dianjiang County, Chongqing 408300, China Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use/Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science ,Kunming 650223 ,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]重庆市垫江县社会保险局,重庆408300 [3]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园/热带植物资源可持续利用重点实验室植物功能基因研究组,云南昆明650223

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2017年第3期68-74,共7页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0501902)资助

摘　　要：用解剖镜和Sony数码相机对4种棘豆属(Oxytropis)植物的茎、叶、花和果实进行精细表观特征观察,以便掌握其识别要点和特殊结构术语,探讨其对生境的适应性。结果发现:4种棘豆植株被黑色、黄色或白色柔毛或绢毛不等。小叶形态为黑萼棘豆(O.melanocalyx)卵形,宽苞棘豆(O.latibracteata)近披针形,甘肃棘豆(O.kansuensis)长椭圆披针形,黄花棘豆(O.ochrocephala)长椭圆状卵形;萼齿形状为黑萼棘豆披针状线性,宽苞棘豆锥状三角形,甘肃棘豆窄披针形,黄花棘豆线状披针形。旗瓣和翼瓣先端分别为,黑萼棘豆2浅裂和微凹,宽苞棘豆近圆形和截形微凹,甘肃棘豆微缺和圆形,黄花棘豆微凹和圆形;龙骨瓣喙长为宽苞棘豆>黄花棘豆>黑萼和甘肃棘豆。黑萼棘豆雄蕊完全展开,基部有蜜腺,黄花棘豆蜜腺少;成熟花药淡黄色,大小为甘肃棘豆>宽苞棘豆>黄花棘豆>黑萼棘豆。子房形状为黑萼棘豆披针形,宽苞棘豆椭圆形,甘肃棘豆和黄花棘豆具短柄。果实黑萼、甘肃和黄花棘豆为荚果1室,宽苞棘豆具狭隔膜为不完全两室。依据4种棘豆植物精细表观特征可将其区别,其形态特征均表现出对高寒环境的适应性。The fine apparent features of stem,leaf,flower and fruit of 4species of Oxytropis were studied by using the dissecting microscope and digital camera.The results indicated that the all plant of each species of Oxytropis had black,yellow or white pubescent or silky villus.The leaf type of O.melanocalyx,O.latibracteata,O.kansuensis and O.ochrocephala was ovoid,wide lanceolate,long oval lanceolate and long elliptic-ovat,respectively;while their calyx teeth shapes were needle linear,cone triangle,narrow lanceolate and linear lanceolate.The apex of the flag-petal and wing-petal of O.melanocalyx,O.latibracteata,O.kansuensis and O.ochrocephala was two-shallow crack and emarginated,suborbicular and emarginated,emarginated and rounded,and emarginated and rounded,respectively;while the length of their beaks of was O.latibracteata〉 O.ochrocephal〉O.melanocalyand O.kansuensis.The type of the stamens of 4species was 9＋1.O.melanocalyxhad a fully extended stamen with some nectar in its base,while the nectar of O.ochrocephala was less.The mature anther of 4species was flaxen,and their size was O.kansuensis 〉O.latibracteata 〉O.ochrocephala 〉O.melanocalyx.The shape of the ovary was lanceolate for O.melanocalyxand oval for O.latibracteata,and other two species had a short-hile.The shape of the fruit of O.latibracteata was incomplete two bracts rooms,while the other three species was one room.The difference of fine apparent feature of 4species was large,which could be used as classification basis.The morphological characteristics of 4species showed the higher adaptability to the alpine ecological environment.

关 键 词：棘豆 器官 精细表观特征 分类 

分 类 号：Q944.5[生物学—植物学]