2004-2015年湖北省水灾救灾防病应急工作特征分析  

Feature analysis of the emergency work for flood disaster reliefdisease preventionin Hubei Province between 2004 and 2015

作　　者：郑立国[1] 张世俊 官旭华[1] 梁艺[3] 黄淑琼[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省疾病预防控制中心卫生应急办公室,湖北武汉430079 [2]湖北省卫生和计划生育委员会,湖北武汉430000 [3]武汉科技大学,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第14期2564-2567,2585,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：湖北省卫生和计划生育委员会2016-2017年度疾控创新团队项目(WJ2016JT-007)

摘　　要：目的了解2004年以来湖北省水灾救灾防病应急工作情况,为识别灾害造成的公共卫生威胁、医疗卫生机构脆弱性和卫生应急资源等基础信息,科学评估灾害公共卫生风险和加强救灾防病卫生应急工作提供依据。方法利用中国疾病预防控制信息系统中的救灾防病信息系统数据,分析湖北省2004-2015年水灾救灾防病工作特点。结果该系统12年共报告湖北地区自然灾害救灾防病信息249条,以水灾222条为主,占信息总数的87.50%;水灾造成伤病15 074人,死亡194人;造成医疗卫生单位危房14 248间,房屋倒塌7 403间,设备损毁2 912台,直接经济损失2 781 176万元,占灾害损失的99.98%,工作人员伤病225人,死亡10人。部分重灾年份相关传染病病例有所增加,但没有因灾聚集性疫情和突发公共卫生事件发生。结论水灾造成的人员伤亡、传染病疫情和突发公共卫生事件威胁存在,对基层医疗卫生单位功能的破坏性极强。需加强基层紧急医学救援和救灾防病卫生应急准备,强化医疗卫生单位防灾减灾和信息报告管理。Objective The study was conductedto assess the emergency work for flood disaster relief disease prevention in Hubei Province since 2004, aiming to identifying basic knowledge including public health threats, vulnerabilities of medical and sanitary institution, and health emergency resources, and thus to provide a reference for scientifically evaluating the public health risks and enhancing the health emergency management for disaster relief and disease prevention. Methods Data of disaster relief and disease prevention in China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention were collected to analyze the characteristics of flood disaster relief disease prevention in Hubei Province between 2004 and 2015. Results A total of 249 messages about disaster relief and disease prevention of natural disaster in Hubei Province in the recent 12 years were reported, including 222 messages of flood disaster （87.50%）. 15074 persons were injured and 194 were dead from the flood disaster.14248 rooms in medical and sanitary institutions were under danger, 7403 rooms were collapsed, 2912 sets of equipment were damaged, the direct economic lossreached to RMB 27.81176 billion, which accounts for 99.98% in disaster loss. 225 staffs were injured and 10 staffs were dead. Cases of correlated infectious diseases in partial disastrous years were found increase, but such increase was not attributed to aggregated epidemic situation and emergent public health events. Conclusion The threat of personal casualty, infectious disease, and emergent public health events caused by flood was found existing, and was extremely strong to destruct the functions in medical treatment and public health units of basic level. The sanitation and emergency preparation for emergent medical rescue, disaster relief and disease prevention in the basic level should be enhanced, and the disaster prevention and reduction, information report management in medical treatment and public health units should be intensified.

关 键 词：救灾防病 特征 卫生应急管理 策略 分析 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]