西安市突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征及应急处置效果分析  

Epidemiological characteristics and control measures for public health emergencies in Xi'an city

作　　者：王春娟[1] 张辉[1] 刘继锋[1] 谢龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第14期2632-2635,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的对西安市2006-2016年报告的突发公共卫生事件进行流行病学及应急处置效果分析,为今后的有效应对提供依据。方法在"突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统"中搜集该市2006-2016年报告的突发公共卫生事件信息资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析。结果共报告突发公共卫生事件71起3 915例,全部暴发在学校,其中未分级事件50起,一般事件20起,较大事件1起。暴发高峰期是3-6月(35起)和10-12月及次年1月(32起);高危场所是小学(48起)和中学(15起)。经呼吸道途径传播的共66起,前3位病种依次是流行性腮腺炎、水痘和流行性感冒,其报告时间中位数依次为8 d,17 d,6 d,持续时间中位数依次为34 d,29 d,8 d,疫情报告时间与其持续时间均呈正相关(rs值依次为0.565,0.767和0.601,P值均小于0.05)。结论中小学是突发公共卫生事件暴发的主要场所。做好呼吸道传染病的防控是关键。及早报告和有效的应急处置有助于疫情的及时控制。Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and effectiveness of control measure for public health emergencies happened in Xi＇an city from 2006 to 2016, in order to provide evidences for preventionand control strategies. Methods The data of public health emergencies was collected from National Public Health Emergency Reporting System. Then the data was analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method. Results A total of 71 public health emergencies with 3915 cases happened in schools were reported accumulatively in Xi＇an city. There were 50 unrated events, 20 general events and 1 large event of public health emergencies. The incidence peaks of public health emergencies were from March to June （35 events）, from October to December and January （32 events）. Primary schools （48 events） and middle schools （15 events） were high-risk places of public health emergencies. Respiratory infections （66 events, accounted for 92.96%） were the main composition of public health emergencies. The first three diseases were mumps （27 events）, varicella （19 events） and influenza （14 events）,and the median reporting time of which were 8, 17 and 6 days and the median duration were 34, 29 and 8 days, respectively. Spearman＇s rank correlation coefficients were 0.565, 0.767 and 0.601 （all P〈 0.05） between the reporting time and duration time, respectively. Conclusion Primary and secondary schools were the hot spots of public health emergencies. The key is the intensified prevention and control of respiratory infections at schools during the period the children studied. Early reporting is conducive to control these events timely.

关 键 词：突发公共卫生事件 流行病学特征 传染病疫情 学校 

分 类 号：R181.2[医药卫生—流行病学]