论事件属性名词与自指“的”字结构的选择限制  

The Selectional Restriction between Event Attribute Nouns and the Self-designation de-Constructions

作　　者：寇鑫[1] 袁毓林[1] KOU Xin and YUAN Yulin

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系/中国语言学研究中心/计算语言学教育部重点实验室,北京市海淀区颐和园路5号100871

出　　处：《当代语言学》2017年第3期396-418,共23页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目"汉语国际教育背景下的汉语意合特征研究与大型知识库和语料库建设"(12&ZD175);国家重点基础研究计划(973计划)项目课题"语言认知的神经机制"(2014CB340502)的资助

摘　　要：朱德熙(1983)指出,汉语中的"VP的N"结构存在自指与转指两种类型。本文从中心语名词N与表示事件的VP间的选择限制关系入手,讨论自指"的"字结构的形成机制。首先,自指类"的"字结构可以划分为两种类型,即由内容义名词构成的同指性自指结构和由事件属性名词构成的限定性自指结构,二者在句法、语义方面存在一系列差异。本文重点讨论事件属性名词与限定性自指结构在句法、语义上的选择限制关系。从语义上看,根据事件属性名词N与自指事件VP间的语义关系,可将事件属性名词分为八类:原因、结果、过程、条件、度量、目标、时间、处所;从句法上看,每类事件属性名词在自指结构中可以固定地激活特定语义类的隐含谓词。通过引入名词的物性角色对隐含谓词进行聚类,可以发现,同类事件属性名词所激活的隐含谓词具有相同的物性角色。由此可以证明,使用隐含谓词对自指结构进行语义解释具有必要性和合理性。最后,文章就事件属性名词的语义特点进行了讨论,认为事件属性名词属于关涉事件论元的一价名词,其语义可以表示为一个降级述谓结构。在此基础上,我们对汉语自指"的"字结构进行了重新分析,指出由事件属性名词和内容义名词构成的两类自指"的"字结构,实质上都是名词压缩了核心谓词语义后形成的"全局性转指"结构。Zhu （1983） points out that VP＋de＋N structures can be divided into two types, namely self-designation and transferred designation in Chinese. In this article, we focus on the selectional restriction relations between head nouns and VPs which represent events. In addition, the formation mechanism of self-designation de-construction is also discussed. Firstly, the self-designation de-construction can be divided into two types, which are the homogeneous self-designation structures formed by content nouns and the definitive self- designation structures formed by event attribute nouns. The two differ in syntax and semantics. This article aims to concentrate on the selectional restriction relations between event attribute nouns and definitive self-designation structures in syntax and semantics. Semantically, according to the semantic relations between event attribute nouns and self- designation VPs, the event attribute nouns can be classified into eight types, i.e. reason, result, process, condition, evaluation, goal, time, and location. Syntactically, different types of event attribute nouns can regularly activate certain implying predicates in self- designation structures. Additionally, by introducing the qualia roles of nouns to classify the implying predicates, it indicates that the implying predicates activated by event attribute nouns of the same type have the same qualia roles. Consequently, it can be proved that the semantic interpretation of self-designation structures by using implied predicates is valid and indispensable. Finally, the article discusses the semantic features of event attribute nouns and indicates that event attribute nouns belong to the mono-valent nouns related to event arguments, which can be expressed by degraded predicates. And on this basis, we reanalyze the serf-designation de-constructions in Mandarin and point out that the two kinds of self-designation de-constructions are formed by event attribute nouns and content nouns. According to the analysis, self-designation structure i

关 键 词：“的”字结构 自指 转指 事件属性名词 物性角色 一价名词 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]