基于磁制冷的FDM型3D打印机喷头的研究与设计  

Study and Design of FDM 3D Printer Based on Magnetic Refrigeration

作　　者：张毅[1] 王兴迪 王莎[1] 李盼盼[1] 

机构地区：[1]西京学院机械工程学院,陕西西安710123

出　　处：《塑料工业》2017年第7期47-52,64,共7页China Plastics Industry

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(项目批准号:2013JM8040);西京学院研究生创新基金项目(项目名称:FDM快速成型机调平装置与送料架及挤出机构的优化设计与实现)

摘　　要：为了解决熔融沉积(FDM)型3D打印机使用过程中经常遇到的喷头堵塞问题,基于磁制冷技术,研究和设计了一种新型的3D打印机喷头。该打印机喷头的送丝机构,设计有压力传感器,可对导轮和挤出轮之间的压力进行数字化调节;喉管冷却组件采用高温导热油作为热交换介质,其冷却管采用沉浸式蛇管结构;基于磁制冷原理设计的制冷装置,配置有两条封闭循环的热交换液通道;喉管组件两端分别设置有耐高温的氟橡胶密封圈;喷头热端组件采用正的温度系数(PTC)加热器作为加热源,并设计有防热辐射保温罩。控制装置能够采用比例-积分-微分(PID)控制方式调节喉管组件的温度。研究表明,该喷头的上述设计特点,可有效地解决FDM型3D打印机工作时遇到的喷头堵塞问题,并能够提高模型的表面质量。In order to solve the problem of nozzle clogging frequently encountered during using the 3D printer based on molten deposition （ FDM ） technology, a new type of 3 D printer nozzle was studied and designed according to magnetic refrigeration technology. The wire-feeding mechanism of the printer head with a pressure sensor can adjust accurately the pressure between the guide roller and the extruding roller. The components used for cooling the throat tube utilize high temperature heat transfer oil as heat exchange medium, and the cooling pipe of which has a submerged serpentine structure. The refrigeration device developed based on the principle of magnetic refrigeration was designed with two closed circulation heat exchanger channels Two sealing rings made of heat-resistant fluorine rubber were arranged on the both ends of the components of the throat tube. A PTC （positive temperature coefficient） heater was used as a heating source in the hot-end components of the nozzle, and the hot-end components were designed with a thermal insulation cover for preventing heat radiation. The control device can adjust the temperature of the components of the throat tube by PID control mode. The result shows that the above design features of the nozzle can effectively solve the problem of nozzle clogging in the operation of FDM 3D printer, and improve the surface quality of the model.

关 键 词：磁制冷 熔融沉积 3D打印机 喷头堵塞 

分 类 号：TP334.8[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]