京津冀地区农业面源污染风险时空差异研究  

Spatial-temporal variation of agricultural non-point source pollution risk in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,China

作　　者：王磊[1,2] 香宝[1,2] 苏本营[1,2] 王玥[1,2] 方广玲[1,2] 胡钰[1,3] 潘丽波[1,2] 戴霞[1,2] WANG Lei XIANG Bao SU Ben-ying WANG Yue FANG Guang-ling HU Yu PAN Li-bo DAI Xia(Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control and Management Research Center, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sci- ences, Beijing 100012, China State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Processes and Functions Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Bei- jing 100875, China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院农业面源污染防治与管理研究中心,北京100012 [2]国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京100012 [3]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2017年第7期1254-1265,共12页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD14B02);国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0800905);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2015ZX0720300700101);中国环境科学研究院院所长基金(2006001001004028)~~

摘　　要：为探究京津冀区域农业面源污染情况,采用GIS空间分析方法,对该地区农业面源的时空动态变化进行了研究。结果表明:时间上该区域化肥施用量呈逐年增加态势,由2000年的305.12万t增加到2014年的370.50万t;化学农药施用量相对稳定,由2000年的81.88万t增加到2014年的89.93万t;而畜禽粪尿排放量则由2000年的2.35亿t减少到2014年的1.96亿t。空间上化肥污染高风险县市区和畜禽粪尿污染(主要为氮素和磷素污染)县市区数量增长较快,分别从2000年的33、34、60个增加到2014年的72、78、112个。该区域化肥污染高风险县市区主要分布在中部和东部的北京、天津、唐山、秦皇岛大部分县市区及南部的石家庄、衡水、邯郸部分县市区;氮素高风险县市区主要分布在石家庄、保定、张家口、承德、秦皇岛、邯郸等大牲畜奶牛、肉牛及生猪优势产区;磷素高风险区主要分布在石家庄、保定、廊坊、张家口、承德、秦皇岛、邯郸等大牲畜奶牛、肉牛及家禽集中养殖区。研究表明,京津冀地区化肥和畜禽粪尿(N、P)高污染风险县市区数量大幅增加且分布广泛,对农作物单产过度追求是化肥施用量逐年增加的主要驱动因素,而耕地面积减少和集约化养殖是氮磷面源污染高风险县市区增加的主要原因。In order to understand current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution（ANSP）in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. GIS spatial analysis was used to research the temporal and spatial variation of ANSP in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.The results showed that the application rate of chemical fertilizers increased year by year from 3.051 2 ×106t in 2000 to 3.705 0×106t in 2014. The application rate of chemical pesticide was relatively stable from 8.188×106t in 2000 to 8.993×105t in 2014; livestock and poultry manure discharge reduced from 2.35×108t in 2000 to 1.96×108t in 2014 in the region. The spatial distribution analysis showed that the amounts of chemical fertilizer pollution and livestock and poultry manure pollution（N,P）in high-risk counties respectively increased from 33,34,60 in 2000 to 72,78,112 in 2014. The chemical fertilizer pollution in high-rish area is mainly distributed in the central and eastern parts of the region（counties in Beijing,Tianjin,Tangshan,Qinhuangdao）and southern parts of the region（counties of Shijiazhuang, Hengshui,Handan）. Nitrogen pollution high-risk areas are mainly distributed in large livestock cows, beef cattle and advantage of pig producing areas in Shijiazhuang, Baoding,Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Qinhuangdao and Handan; Phosphorus high-risk areas are mainly distributed in large livestock cows, beef cattle and poultry breeding areas in Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Langfang, Zhangjiakou, Chengde, Qinhuangdao and Handan. Our results indicated that chemical fertilizers and livestock and poultry manure pollution（N,P）in high-risk counties were increased rapidly and wide-spreading in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The excessive yield of crops is the main driving force to increasing application rate of chemical fertilizer. The reduction of cultivated land area and intensification of farming were the main reasons for the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus high-risk counties.

关 键 词：京津冀 农业面源污染风险 时空差异 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]