湿度对梨小食心虫存活和繁殖的影响  

Effects of humidity on the survival and fecundity of Grapholitha molesta(Lepidoptera:Tortricidae)

作　　者：庾琴[1,2] 封云涛[1] 郭晓君[1] 郭贵明[1] 郝赤[2] 范仁俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院植物保护研究所,农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室,太原0300312 [2]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2017年第6期659-665,共7页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：山西省攻关项目(20150311014-3);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103024);山西省自然科学基金项目(2015011072)

摘　　要：【目的】本研究旨在明确湿度变化对梨小食心虫Grapholitha molesta(Busck)在果实外各阶段存活率和蛀果率的影响及湿度对害虫最终存活率产生影响的关键阶段。【方法】在室内相对湿度25%,40%,55%,70%和85%条件下,记录和分析梨小食心虫的产卵量、卵孵化率、幼虫蛀果率、老熟幼虫化蛹率、蛹羽化率以及产卵、化蛹和羽化时间。【结果】湿度高低对化蛹率没有影响,供试的5种相对湿度下,化蛹率均为100%;但湿度对产卵量、卵孵化率、幼虫蛀果率、蛹羽化率和世代存活率均有显著影响,湿度越高,各阶段存活率、幼虫蛀果率和世代存活率也越高。不同虫态存活对湿度要求从高到低依次为:幼虫蛀果期>成虫期>卵期>蛹期>老熟幼虫期。湿度对害虫世代存活率产生显著影响主要发生在幼虫蛀果期、成虫期和卵孵化期。同时,湿度提高利于成虫产卵、化蛹和羽化,反之发育延缓。【结论】湿度会显著影响梨小食心虫各阶段的存活率、幼虫蛀果率和繁殖,成虫盛发期、卵期和蛀果期的湿度影响害虫种群数量和蛀果率的关键阶段。【Aim】 This study aims to investigate the effects of humidity on the survival rate and boring rate of the oriental fruit moth Grapholitha molesta （Busck）, and the critical stage of humidity affecting its final survival rate. 【Methods】 At five relative humidity （25%, 40%, 55%, 70% and 85%） indoor, the number of eggs laid per female, egg hatching rate, larval boring rate, pupation rate, pupal eclosion rate and the time of oviposition, pupation and eclosion of G. molesta were recorded and analyzed.【Results】 Humidity had no effect on pupation rate of G. molesta, which stayed 100% at all the five relative humidity. Humidity had a significant influence on the number of eggs laid per female, egg hatching rate, larval boring rate, pupal eclosion rate and generation survival rate, all of which increased with the humidity. The most critical life stage that the humidity had a significant influence on the survival rate was the larval boring stage, followed by adult, egg, pupal and the last instar larval stages. Humidity had significant influences on the generation survival rate in the egg hatching stage, adult stage and larval boring stage. Meanwhile, higher humidity was beneficial for oviposition, pupation and eclosion of this insect, while the development was delayed under drier conditions. 【Conclusion】 Humidity has significant effects on the survival rate, larval boring rate and fecundity of G. molesta. Adult, egg and larval boring stages of G. molesta are the critical stages when its population and boring rate are impacted by humidity.

关 键 词：梨小食心虫 湿度 存活 繁殖 蛀果率 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]