运动导致腰部损伤之研究——机理·因素·特点·预防  

The Study of the Movement Cause the Lumbar Injury——Mechanism·Factors·Characteristics·Prevention

作　　者：邢聪[1] 吴瑛[1] 项贤林[1] 耿家先[1] 赵小瑜[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院体育教育训练学院,上海200438

出　　处：《南京体育学院学报（自然科学版）》2017年第3期23-28,共6页Joournal of Nanjing Institute of Physical Education:Natural Science

摘　　要：通过对竞技运动项目中常见的腰部损伤类型及致病原理进行归纳,分析引起腰部损伤的训练学因素及运动性腰部损伤所表现出的特点。研究发现:腰部主要靠腰椎支撑,依靠肌肉及韧带来维持腰部稳定,自身结构存在不稳定因素;运动训练中运动负荷与腰部承力姿势的交互作用是影响运动性腰部损伤的主要因素。此外运动性腰部损伤表现出以下特点:由于专项运动训练的作用,腰椎的形态及解剖结构会发生适应性变化;退役运动员腰部肌肉力量的下降提高了腰部损伤的潜在风险;技能主导类项目运动员腰部损伤发生率与全程性多年训练阶段特征相关;运动性腰部损伤有年轻化趋势。针对以上特点,提出相应的预防腰部损伤建议:提高运动员腰部解剖结构及生理功能的稳定性;注意腰部承受重量时的正确动作姿态;保持运动员较长时间的调整期及退役后腰部力量;提高重点时期腰部损伤监控的密度。This article summarized pathogenic principles of the lumbar injury in competitive sports, and analysis the causes and the characteristics of sport lead to lumbar injury. Study found：The body mainly supported by lumbar, and lumbar structure exist instability factors; the mainly factors influencing the lumbar injury are Sports load and lumbar position. In addition, sports leading to lumbar injury showed the following characteristics：Due to the special role in sports training, the adaptive change of lumbar morphological and anatomical structure will happen. The decreasing of waist muscle strength in retired athletes will increasing the risk of lumbar injury. The athletes major in Skill dominate class project, whose lumbar injury incidence associated with full years training phase. Lumbar injury have younger tendency. Here is precautionary ad- vice：Improve the stability of lumbar anatomical structure and physiological function of athletes;Use right waist gestures to bear weight; Keep the waist strength of retired athletes ;Improve the lumbar injury monitoring density in the key period.

关 键 词：运动 腰部损伤 损伤机理 影响因素 损伤特点 预防思路 

分 类 号：G804.53[文化科学—运动人体科学]