铣削大理石切削参数对PCD刀具磨损的影响  

Effects of Cutting Parameters for Marble Milling on Wear of PCD Cutters

作　　者：闫海鹏[1] 吴玉厚 

机构地区：[1]沈阳建筑大学机械工程学院,沈阳110168 [2]高档石材数控加工装备与技术国家地方联合工程实验室,沈阳110168

出　　处：《表面技术》2017年第7期245-249,共5页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51375317)~~

摘　　要：目的探索PCD刀具磨损机理,以延长刀具使用寿命。方法设计正交试验,研究不同加工参数切削大理石对刀具磨损的影响情况。分析主轴转速、进给速度与切削深度对PCD刀具磨损量的影响规律,以优化切削参数来减小刀具磨损量。根据经验公式,建立单位时间刀具磨损量和固定行程磨损量模型。通过对试验过程刀具振动情况记录,结合刀具实际磨损情况,给出了刀具磨损等级。结果主轴转速的提高可以减少刀具磨损量,进给速度的增大会加剧刀具磨损,而切削深度小于1 mm时,其对刀具磨损量的影响很小,但切削深度大于1 mm时,继续增大切削深度会使刀具快速磨损。利用预测模型能够很好地对刀具磨损情况进行预判,根据磨损等级,得出刀具与机床发生共振时磨损最为严重,在刀具表面产生了明显的犁沟、磨损以及金刚石颗粒脱落。结论在实际加工中,通过提高主轴转速、降低进给速度以及减小切削深度有助于增强刀具的耐用度,避开共振切削参数可以有效降低刀具磨损,主轴转速、进给速度、切削深度分别为12000r/min、500 mm/min、0.5 mm时的切削效果较佳,有最小的刀具磨损量。The work aims to prolong service life of cutters by exploring wear mechanism of PCD cutters. Orthogonal expe-riment was designed to study effects of cutting marble provided with different processing parameters on abrasion of cutters. Law of influence of spindle speed, feed rate and cutting depth on abrasion loss of PCD cutters was analyzed to reduce abrasion loss of PCD cutters by optimizing cutting parameters. Then a model of abrasion loss of PCD cutters and fixed stroke abrasion loss in unit time was established based on empirical formula. Abrasion grade of cutters was given based on records of cutter vibration during the tests and actual abrasion loss of cutters. Increase of spindle speed could reduce abrasion loss while that of feeding speed would intensify abrasion loss. It had slight effect on abrasion loss when cutting depth was below 1 mm. However, increase of the cutting depth would lead to rapid abrasion of cutters when cutting depth was over 1 mm. The prediction model could pre-dict abrasion of cutters well. The abrasion was the most serious when cutters resonated with machine tools according to abrasion grade, hence obvious furrow, abrasion and falling off of diamond particles were observed on the surface of cutters. During actual processing, durability of cutters can be enhanced by improving spindle speed, reducing feeding speed and decreasing cutting depth. Abrasion of cutters can be effectively reduced by avoiding resonant cutting parameters, better cutting effects and mini-mum abrasion loss are obtained at the spindle speed of 12000 r/min, feed rate of 500 mm/min and cutting depth of 0.5 mm.

关 键 词：PCD刀具 大理石加工 磨损机理 切削参数 磨损量 刀具寿命 预测模型 

分 类 号：TG714[金属学及工艺—刀具与模具]