丛枝菌根真菌对西瓜嫁接苗抗南方根结线虫病的影响  

Effects of AMF on resistance of grafted watermelon seedlings against root-knot nematodes

作　　者：吕星光 刘润进[1] 李敏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学菌根生物技术研究所,山东青岛266109 [2]青岛农业大学园艺学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《菌物学报》2017年第7期1018-1027,共10页Mycosystema

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD05B03);山东省科技发展计划(2016GNC111011);山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-05-09)~~

摘　　要：根结线虫病是西瓜主要土传病害之一,长期连作往往加重西瓜根结线虫病害。利用抗病砧木嫁接可有效减轻瓜类蔬菜线虫病害,而接种丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi,AMF)则能拮抗根结线虫,提高寄主植物抗病性。本试验旨在研究嫁接技术配合接种AMF降低瓜类蔬菜病害和促进生长的效应。试验以不同抗性南瓜杂交种(Cucurbita maxima×C.moschata)"青农2号"和"青农3号"分别嫁接西瓜Citrullus lanatus品种"京欣2号","青农2号"嫁接苗和"青农3号"嫁接苗先分别接种摩西管柄囊霉Funneliformis mosseae、变形球囊霉Glomus versiforme、根内根孢囊霉Rhizophagus intraradices,后接种南方根结线虫Meloidogyne incognita,测定AMF对不同西瓜嫁接苗根结线虫病和生长的影响。结果表明,接种AMF能不同程度地减轻嫁接苗根结线虫病害,其中,以"青农2号"嫁接苗接种变形球囊霉促生防病的效应最大。这可能与AMF提高根系活力、可溶性糖含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量有关。结果表明,"青农2号"嫁接苗结合接种变形球囊霉是生产上具有应用潜力的技术组合。Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita disease is one of important soil-borne diseases in growing watermelon plants, which often aggravates long-term continuous cropping. This disease can be effectively reduced by grafting using disease-resistant rootstocks, while arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi（AMF） could also antagonize the nematodes, inducing host plant resistance to diseases. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of grafting and AMF inoculation on the growth of melon plants and their resistance to nematode disease. Two pumpkin Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata varieties ＂Qingnong 2＂ and ＂Qingnong 3＂ each grafted with watermelon（Citrullus lanatus） cv. ＂Jingxin 2＂ were inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus versiforme and Rhizophagus intraradices separately prior to inoculation of root-knot nematode M. incognita. The disease index, gall index, plant growth status, and defense enzyme activities etc. were determined. Results showed that AMF inoculation reduced disease severity caused by the nematode, and significantly enhanced plant growth. G. versiforme showed superior effects on increasing plant growth of ＂Qingnong 2＂ and disease resistance. It is indicated that AMF colonization could increase root activity, soluble sugar content, and activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）, peroxidase（POD） and catalase（CAT）, and decrease the content of malondialdehyde in plants. It is considered that ＂Qingnong 2＂＋G. versiforme combination could be applied in the future watermelon cultivation to obtain good protection and productivity.

关 键 词：西瓜 南方根结线虫 嫁接 丛枝菌根真菌 病情指数 根结指数 

分 类 号：S436.5[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S476[农业科学—植物保护]