中西伯利亚旧石器晚期的细石器文化——兼谈与中国北方的联系  

CENTRAL SIBERIAN LATE PALEOLITHIC MICROLITHIC CULTURE —— AND TALK WITH THE LINK IN NORTHERN CHINA

作　　者：权乾坤 阿尔杰米耶夫·叶甫盖尼 武仙竹[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]中俄科技考古研究所,重庆401331 [2]西伯利亚联邦大学,克拉斯诺亚尔斯克660041 [3]俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院,新西伯利亚630090 [4]重庆师范大学,重庆401331

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2017年第4期797-804,共8页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：重庆市社会科学规划项目“长江三峡地区旧石器文化资源及价值研究”（批准号：2016YBLS102）资助

摘　　要：俄罗斯中西伯利亚叶尼塞河流域，保存有丰富的旧石器时代古文化遗址。其中旧石器时代晚期含有细石器的古文化遗址有43处，出土细石器标本近2000件。本文通过中西伯利亚地区细石器文化材料的全面整理，对其从14C测年、地层学相对年代分析等进行时代早晚排序，全面介绍该地区细石器文化遗址的时空分布规律。总体观察中西伯利亚地区细石器文化概貌，重点介绍了卡缅内洛克（Каменный）遗址、利斯特文卡遗址（Лиственка）遗址细石器。通过中西伯利亚地区所出土细石器与中国北方地区细石器文化的初步对比，认识到中国北方地区和中西伯利亚地区细石叶工业技术上具有密切文化传统关系，均在旧石器时代晚期同时出现选择优质石料生产细石器的工业传统；但二者之间也存在有一定的区域差异性，如中国北方地区细石器组合中以细石核和尖状器比例较高，而中西伯利亚地区细石器组合中则以细石叶比例较高。这些区域差异性可能是不同地点石质材料和生产方式差异所产生，但也可能是不同经济形态（畜牧经济、渔猎解决、农业经济）在生产工具上的体现。如果用技术扩散和文化传播的视角看（均存在间接打击法生产的细石器；细石器各种类型均存在，只是在石器组合中所占比例不同），在旧石器时代晚期时，中国北方地区和西伯利亚地区旧石器工业生产，正出现标准化、趋同化发展现象。进一步加强西伯利亚地区和中国北方地区旧石器文化文化关系的研究，对探讨早期人类对不同环境的适应性及其生活方式、人类迁徙与区域文化交流等，具有非常重要的学术价值。Rich Paleolithic ancient cultural sites are preserved in the Enisey River valley of Central Siberia, Russia. There are 43 ancient cultural sites of late Paleolithic which contain fine stones, and nearly 2000 fine stone specimens were unearthed. This paper comprehensively introduced the spatial and temporal distribution of fine stone cultural sites in Central Siberian through the finishing of fine stone materials of this region by 14C dating, stratigraphic relative age analysis and so on. The paper gave an overall observation of the Siberian region fine stone culture profiles, and focused on the Kamennyylog（Каменный） site and Listvenka（Лиственка） site. Through the comparison between the culture of fine stone unearthed from Central Siberian and Northern China, we recognized that there are close traditional culture relations of fine stone industrial technology in the two regions; the industrial tradition of the selection of high quality stone to produce fine stone both appeared in the late Paleolithic period. However, there are some regional differences between the two, such as that in the fine stone assemblage of Northern China region, the ratio of fine stone core and pointed artifact is higher, and in the Central Siberian region, the proportion of microblade is high. These regional differences may be caused by differences in stone material and production patterns at different locations, but may also be manifestations of different economic forms（livestock economy, hunting and hunting, agricultural economy）in production tools. If we take perspective of technology diffusion and cultural transmission（there are indirect attack method of production of microlith; various types of fine stone all existed, but the proportion of stone assemblage are different）, in the late Paleolithic period, in the Paleolithic industry production of Northern China region and the Siberian region, the standardization, assimilation develop phenomenon was emerging. It＇s of great academic value to further study

关 键 词：比较研究 细石器文化 叶尼塞河流域 中西伯利亚 中国北方 

分 类 号：K876.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K871.11[历史地理—历史学]