湖北郧西白龙洞遗址管状骨化石内黄壳层物质分析  

ANALYSIS OF THE YELLOW SHELL SUBSTANCE IN TUBULAR BONE FOSSILS FROM BAILONG CAVE SITE, YUNXI COUNTY, HUBEI PROVINCE

作　　者：郑利平[1] 武仙竹[1] 王青[2] 

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学科技考古与文物保护技术实验室,重庆401331 [2]重庆中国三峡博物馆,重庆400015

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2017年第4期866-876,共11页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“微痕分析与数字模型技术在考古研究中的应用”（批准号：10XKG：007）资助

摘　　要：白龙洞遗址被认为是中更新世早期的古人类遗址，沉积物属于岩溶环境下形成的洞穴土状堆积。遗址地层自上而下可分为8层，管状的动物骨骼化石出土于第2层。所出管状骨化石内表面附着有黄壳层物质现象，本文通过扫描电镜/X射线能谱、X射线衍射、红外光谱、拉曼光谱等几种现代分析技术，对骨化石内表面的黄壳层物质进行了成分分析，结果表明黄壳层物质是以方解石（CaCO3）为主要物相，其他成分有三氧化二铁（Fe2O3）、羟磷灰石[Ca5（PO4）3（OH）]、二氧化硅（SiO2）以及少量的三氧化二铝（Al2O3）。羟磷灰石的存在表明黄壳层物质属于生物化学沉积矿物，其形成机理与埋藏过程中的大气降水、基岩周围岩土矿物和化石自身滋生的生物因素有关。在温暖湿润的气候环境下，埋藏动物骨骼的岩土矿物化学元素，随水从管状骨骼裂隙或者孔隙向内迁移，骨骼自身矿物质与周围环境发生成分交换，并与析出的PO43-一起沉积，形成黄壳层物质。白龙洞遗址的化石成分分析，对研究古人类遗址化石埋藏环境、遗址成因、古人类的生存环境及其适应能力具有重要意义。Bailong cave site（32°59＇40.0＂N, 110°31＇33.6＂E） is located in Shenwuling Village, Anjia Township, Yunxi County, Hubei Province. It was considered as a hominid site of the early Middle Pleistocene, and fossils were unearthed from earthy deposits formed in the karst cave. The deposits can be divided into eight layers from top to bottom. Animal bones were excavated from the 2nd layer. In the process of excavation, research group extracted more than 3000 pieces of animal bone specimens for basic observation and statistics, then found that some yellow shell substance adhered well to the inner surface on the unearthed tubular bones. The author had analyzed the ingredients of the yellow shell substance by some modern scientific technologies, such as SEM-EDS, XRD, IR, Raman spectra, etc. The study showed that there was a typical biological element-Phosphorus in the surface of the yellow shell substance, and its mass percent content was 5.68%. The main phase of yellow shell substance was calcite（CaCO3）, other minor components were ferric oxide（Fe2O3）, hydroxylapatite [Ca5（PO4）3（OH）], silicon dioxide（SiO2）and a little aluminum oxide（Al2O3）. The existence of hydroxylapatite indicated that yellow shell material was the biochemical sedimentary mineral. The formation mechanism of the yellow shell substance was related to the atmospheric water during burying time, surrounding rock minerals and the biological factors of the fossils themselves. While in the warm and humid climate, the mineral elements around buried animal bones could migrate the inner surface of the tubular bone from their fractures or pores with water, then deposited together with PO43-, which was dissociated from the tubular bone because of the component exchange between the surrounding environment and the bone. Composition analysis of the fossils from Bailong cave was important to the taphonomic environment and the formation cause of ancient vertebrate fossils, survival environment and the adaptive ability of ancient human

关 键 词：白龙洞遗址 黄壳层 成分 光谱 古气候 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] Q915.21[历史地理—历史学]