啮齿类动物注意定势转移任务研究进展  

Research progress of the attentional set-shifting task in rodents

作　　者：侯兰伟 孙宏伟[1] 王钢[2] 连波[3] 姜能志[1] 孙琳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]潍坊医学院心理学系,山东潍坊261053 [2]潍坊医学院认知神经重点实验室,山东潍坊261053 [3]潍坊医学院生物科学与技术学院,山东潍坊261053

出　　处：《中国实验动物学报》2017年第3期340-344,共5页Acta Laboratorium Animalis Scientia Sinica

基　　金：山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励基金计划项目(编号:BS2014YY043);山东省自然科学基金项目(编号:ZR2014CL012);潍坊医学院科技创新研究基金项目(编号:K1301011);潍坊医学院教育教学改革与研究基金项目(编号:2015Y024)

摘　　要：认知是前额叶执行功能的重要组成部分,其过程主要包括注意定势的组建、维持和转移,而认知的行为学表现结果不仅受到外在的注意定势转移任务(attentional set-shifting task,ASST)检测方法的影响,同时还受到内在特定脑区及特定神经递质的调控。因此本综述回顾了有关ASST检测认知灵活性的发展历程,分析了啮齿类动物ASST的检测方法、原理及检测方法之间的异同,并系统地总结了不同脑区在认知过程中的作用及多种神经递质包括多巴胺,乙酰胆碱,去甲肾上腺素,5-羟色胺等在ASST过程中所扮演的重要角色,详细地阐明了目前有关ASST检测认知灵活性的发展现状,亟待解决的问题及未来发展趋势,为进一步挖掘认知灵活性的调控机制和影响因素提供重要的理论依据。Attentional set-shifting tasks are used as a measure of human fronto-executive function.the cognitive processes involved in forming an attentional set,maintaining an attentional set and shifting an attentional set are vulnerable to dysfunction arising from a number of human neurological disorders （such as attentional deficit/hyperactivity disorder,depression,schizophrenia） and neurodegenerative diseases （such as Parkinson＇s,Huntington＇s,Alzheimer＇s diseases）.Recently,researches on rodents mainly continue to illustrate normal rats which are caused by different operating different performance in the attentional set-shifting tasks.And also there are few studies committed to observe the adaptability of the rats in attentional set-shifting tasks as well as different performance between species of rodents in attentional set shifting tasks.In addition,these results have elucidated the roles of multiple neurotransmitters in the manifestation of cognitive processes.This review focuses on the methodology of the attentional set-shifting tasks and the role of the neurotransmitter in cognitive processes.

关 键 词：注意定势转移任务 啮齿类动物 多巴胺 乙酰胆碱 5-羟色胺 去甲肾上腺素 

分 类 号：Q95-33[生物学—动物学]