渔业资源利用的负外部性问题研究  

Study on Negative Externalities in the Utilization of Fishery Resources

作　　者：唐议[1] 苏舒[1] TANG Yi;SU Shu(Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,上海201306

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2017年第7期54-62,共9页Pacific Journal

基　　金：农业部专项"捕捞业相关管理制度研究"(17162130110241256)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：渔业资源利用中存在许多负外部性问题,导致渔业资源衰退、渔民之间或渔民与其他利益团体之间产生冲突和纠纷等。本文将渔业资源利用中的负外部性分为渔民间的交互负外部性、生态负外部性、水域利用活动交互负外部性和代际负外部性四类;认为产生这些负外部性的原因有:资源的共享性和稀缺性、缺少合约或合约难以被执行、捕捞技术缺陷、渔业管理缺失或不足;建议通过损害补偿、资源利用量限制与养护、资源利用权分配、渔民自组织管理、管制捕捞作业等方式,对渔业资源利用中的外部性问题进行矫正和管控。Negative externalities in the utilization of fishery resources result in the depletion of fishery re-sources as well as conflicts and disputes among fishermen or between fishermen and other stakeholders. The paper classifies negative externalities into four categories,which are interactive negative externalities among fishermen,ecological negative externalities,interactive negative externalities of different industries associat-ed with water use,and intergenerational negative externalities. Four factors are identified that give rise to negative externalities,which are the nature of shared fishery resources and their scarcity, the absence or non-execution of contract,the defect of fishing technology, or/and the absence or lack of fishery manage-ment measures. Therefore, the paper suggests correcting and regulating those negative externalities through following methods： establish a compensation system for damage and loss, limit the use of fishery resources and preserve them, assign utilization rights of fishery resources, establish self-management organizations a-mong fishermen and enforce the regulation of fishing practices.

关 键 词：渔业 渔业资源 负外部性 管理 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]