激光雷达技术在矿山生态环境监测中的应用  

Application of LiDAR Techniques to Monitoring of Eco-Environment in Mining Areas

作　　者：吕国屏 廖承锐[1,2,3] 高媛赟 徐雁南[1,3] 李海东[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [2]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042 [3]南京林业大学林学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2017年第7期577-585,共9页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：环境保护部南京环境科学研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项;地理国情监测国家测绘地理信息局重点实验室项目(2016NGCMZD01);国家科技基础性工作专项重点项目(2014FY110800)

摘　　要：传统遥感技术在矿山生态环境监测中存在无法获取垂直结构、精度较低和时效性较差等劣势,激光雷达(LiDAR)具有主动性强、穿透性强、扫描速度快和精度高等特点,可以弥补传统遥感技术在矿山生态环境监测中的不足。基于此,笔者通过对矿山生态环境问题进行分类,介绍了LiDAR技术的原理、类型与特点,在与传统遥感技术进行对比分析的基础上,探讨了LiDAR技术在矿山生态环境监测中的适用性,以及在典型矿山生态环境指标监测中的应用潜力。结果表明:LiDAR技术可用于监测矿山生态完整性损失、土地损毁、自然侵蚀等类型的大部分指标,且比传统光学遥感精度高,在植被垂直结构参数提取方面具有明显优势;对各指标提取的适用性,因矿山规模及生态环境监测的精度要求而存在一定差异;地基LiDAR数据不仅可作为光学遥感数据的补充数据源,而且通过与机载LiDAR相结合,可以满足高精度和较大范围植被结构参数提取的需求。There are several disadvantages of the application of the traditional remote sensing （RS ） technique to monitoring the eco-environment of mining areas, such as failure to explore vertical structure, low spatial resolution and poor time effi-ciency ,etc. The technique of light detection and ranging （ LiDAR） could offset these disadvantages of the traditional RS technique thanks to its features of stronger initiative, stronger penetrability, faster scanning speed, higher spatial resolution, etc. Problems in the eco-environments of mining areas were first classified; principles, types and merits of the LiDAR tech-nique introduced; based on the comparison between the LiDAR technique and the traditional remote-sensing techniques, ap-plicability of the LiDAR technique in monitoring of the eco-environments of mining areas and potentiality of its application to monitoring the eco-environmental indices of typical mining areas were discussed. Results show that the LiDAR technique can be used to monitor variations of most of the indices of the eco-environment, such as damage of ecological integrity, land de-struction in mining areas, and natural soil erosion, with higher accuracy resolutions than the traditional RS technique. Be-sides, its advantage in extracting the parameter of vertical structure of the vegetation is apparent. However, its applicability in extracting various indices varies because of differences in scale of the mining areas and accuracy requirement for monito-ring of the eco-environment. The three-dimensional point cloud data of terrestrial LiDAR could not only be used as a comple-mentary data source for optical RS, and once combined with the airborne LiDAR, it is capable of fulfilling all the require-ments of higher resolution and accuracy and extraction of the parameter of vegetation structure at a larger scale.

关 键 词：激光雷达(LiDAR) 矿山 植被垂直结构 生态环境监测 传统遥感技术 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F311[经济管理—产业经济]