施氮量对春播冬麦生长发育及产量的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Growth, Development and Yield of Winter Wheat Varieties Sowed in Spring

作　　者：徐澜[1] 原亚琦 高志强[2] 

机构地区：[1]忻州师范学院生物系,忻州034000 [2]山西农业大学农学院,太谷030801

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2017年第6期2457-2464,共8页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系重大专项(CARS-03-01-24);忻州师范学院大学生科技创新项目(自然科学类)(201429);忻州师范学院博士科研启动经费(2016)共同资助;公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201503124);山西省高等学校教学改革创新项目(J2016096)

摘　　要：将长江中下游优良小麦品种引种到忻定盆地进行春播,为明确品种的适宜施氮量,本试验以扬麦13、川麦42、宁2038(对照)为材料,设高(施纯氮255 kg/hm^2)、中(施纯氮187.5 kg/hm^2)、低(施纯氮120 kg/hm^2)3种施肥处理,探究施氮量对南引小麦品种生长发育和籽粒产量的影响。试验表明扬麦13产量优势稳定,适宜中肥(5 353 kg/hm^2)处理;而川麦42则是高肥下产量(5 840 kg/hm^2)极显著地高于其它处理。南引小麦主茎叶片数、株高与产量(累计贡献率达84.29%)关系密切,且孕穗期主茎叶片可溶性糖含量与产量正相关(R=0.99**)。主茎叶片数是春播冬麦获得高产的物质基础,而施氮量对产量的影响因品种而异。本试验将为春播冬麦合理施肥提供参考。The excellent cultivars were imported from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region in China to be sowed in the Xin Ding basin in spring. In order to determine the fitting amount of nitrogen fertilizer, Yangmai 13 and Chuanmai 42（CK： Ningmai 2038） as material, the field trials were performed three gradient field： high fertilizer（255 kg/hm^2 the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer）, middle fertilizer（187.5 kg/hm^2） and low fertilizer（120 kg/hm^2）. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth, development and yield of wheat varieties from Southern China were researched. Results showed that the yield of Yangmai 13 was higher and more stable,and it was apt to middle fertility（5 353 kg/hm^2） in Xinding basin; but Chuanmai 42（5 840 kg/hm^2） was significantly higher than other treatments under high fertilizer. Leaves on the main stem and plant height had close relations on yield, the cumulative contribution rate of the two factors were 84.29%. There was a positive correlation（R=0.99＊＊） between the sugar content of the main stem leaves at booting stage and yield. Leaf number of the main culm is material base to obtain high yield of winter wheat varieties sowed in spring, and the effect of nitrogen application on yield is different. This experiment will provide reference for reasonable fertilization of winter wheat varieties sowed in spring.

关 键 词：施氮量 冬麦春播 产量 灰色关联度 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]