19世纪英国集体谈判制兴起原因述论  

Analysis on the Causes of the Rise of Collective Bargaining System in 19^(th) Century Britain

作　　者：刘金源[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《安徽史学》2017年第4期17-25,共9页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"20世纪以来英国劳资关系史"(15AZD041)与"近代英国劳资冲突化解机制的形成研究"(13BSS029);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地南开大学世界近现代史研究中心项目"英国社会转型研究"(16JJD770026)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：集体谈判是近代英国兴起的一种劳资争议化解机制,调解、仲裁成为当时集体谈判的原初形式。集体谈判制在19世纪中叶英国的兴起,主要因素有:新模式工会的迅速兴起及其推行尽量避免罢工、倡导劳资合作的斗争策略,为集体谈判制兴起提供了重要前提;雇主组织兴起后,其对工会地位的认可以及对仲裁、调解的认同,成为集体谈判制兴起的决定性因素。此外,19世纪后半叶经济繁荣带来的收入增长为劳资转向合作、实现利益共享提供了经济基础,而公众舆论对于社会稳定的关注以及对于和平化解争议的期望,为集体谈判制兴起提供了良好的社会环境。总之,集体谈判制是19世纪中后叶英国经济社会繁荣背景下劳资双方斗争策略转变的必然结果,它促成了近代英国劳资关系从对抗向合作的转变。Collective bargaining was a system on resolving industrial disputes in modern Britain,with arbitration and con-ciliation as its original forms. The causes of the rise of collective bargaining system in 19th century Britain are as follows： the rapid rise of New Model Unions and their strategies of avoiding strikes as much as possible and advocating cooperation with the employers provided the premise of the rise of collective bargaining. With the rise of the Employers,Associations, their recogni-tion for the status of trade unions and their approval of arbitration and conciliation became the conclusive factors to the rise of collective bargaining. Moreover,the increase of the income caused by the economic prosperity in the middle and late 19th centu-ry Britain provided the economic bases for the cooperation and benefit sharing between the employers and the workers. The public opinion on social stability and its appeal for the peaceful means of resolving industrial disputes provided the good social circumstances for the rise of collective bargaining. In general, the rise of collective bargaining system is the inevitable product of the transformation of struggle strategies between the employers and the workers under the background of Britain, s economic and social prosperity in the second half of the th century which promoted the change of British industrial relations from confrontation to cooperation.

关 键 词：英国 集体谈判 仲裁 调解 劳资关系 

分 类 号：K561.4[历史地理—历史学]