有机物料对酸化山核桃林地土壤的改良作用  

Effect of organic materials on improvement of Carya cathayensis forest acidic soil

作　　者：石红静[1] 马闪闪[1] 赵科理[1] 叶立前 李皓 沈颖[1] 赵伟明 叶正钱[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院浙江省土壤污染生物修复重点实验室,浙江临安311300 [2]浙江省临安市湍口镇人民政府,浙江临安311325 [3]浙江省杭州市林业科学研究院,浙江杭州310020

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2017年第4期670-678,共9页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：浙江省科学技术公益项目(2015C33051);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41201323);浙江省林业科研成果推广项目(2013B13);浙江农林大学科学研究发展基金资助项目(2005FR053)

摘　　要：为探讨有机物料对山核桃Carya cathayensis林地酸性土壤的改良效果,通过室内培养的方式,研究不同添加剂量下,沼渣、肥得力、黄腐酸钾、竹炭等对山核桃林地酸性土壤性质的影响;通过大田试验,研究竹炭、肥得力、黄腐酸钾等对山核桃林生长及产量的影响。结果表明:有机物料能显著降低土壤酸度,提高土壤pH值(P<0.05),经过培养后土壤pH值由pH 4.41升至pH 5.17,上升了17.00%;有效地降低了土壤交换性酸与交换性铝,增加土壤交换性盐基,其中交换性铝由3.94 cmol·kg^(-1)降至0.72 cmol·kg^(-1),降幅高达81.70%。有机物料也增加了土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾和碱解氮质量分数,其中有机质和碱解氮分别增加了100.70%和104.70%;有效磷和速效钾增加更加显著,最终值达到22.34 mg·kg^(-1)和230.83 mg·kg^(-1),且随着有机物料施用量的增加,对酸性土壤的改良效果更好。黄腐酸钾对土壤酸度的改良效果优于其他物料,且不同用量的效应存在较大差异,在10.00 g·kg^(-1)用量时对土壤性质的影响最为明显。大田试验结果表明:所用有机物料显著改善了山核桃生长状况,提高了42.00%~58.00%的产量,与对照相比达到了极显著性差异水平(P<0.01)。To study the effects of different organic materials（namely biogas residue; Feideli, a commercial organic fertilizer; potassium humate; and bamboo-char） for improving acidic soils in a Carya cathayensis forest,an incubation experiment and a field study were carried out. In the incubation experiment, mixtures of soil with each of the organic materials at three application rates（0, 1 and 10 g·kg^-1） were incubated at 25 ℃. Each treatment were replicated 4 times. Completely randomized design was used. Soil samples were collected at 0,10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 d. Based on the incubation experiment, bamboo-char, Feideli and potassium humate were used in the field experiment, at the rate of 2 kg·tree^（-1）, and the blank was as ck. Four treatments with 6 replicates were randomly designed. Results showed that application of organic materials not only improved soil pH from 4.41 to 5.17 and soil exchangeable base content, but also significantly decreased（P〈0.05） soil acidity.Also, soil exchangeable Al was reduced from 3.94 cmol·kg^-1to 0.72 cmol·kg^-1, a decrease of 81.70%. Meanwhile, organic material increased the content of soil available N, P, K, and soil organic matter（SOM） with SOM increasing 100.70% and N increasing 104.70%; soil available P reached 22.34 mg·kg^-1and K attained230.83 mg·kg^-1or more than doubling. Results from the field experiment showed that organic materials significantly improved growth and nut yield（P〈0.05）, and the nut yield increase was in the order of potassium humate Feideli bamboo-char. Overall, the effect of potassium humate was more effective than other organic materials on soil acidity improvement.

关 键 词：森林土壤学 山核桃 有机物料 土壤酸化 改良作用 

分 类 号：S714.6[农业科学—林学]