利用荚果厚度变化评价大豆鼓粒期的耐旱性  

Evaluation of soybean drought tolerance based on dynamics of pod thickness

作　　者：李得孝[1] 梁福琴 汪勇[1] 王中华[1] 樊晨 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]延安农业科学研究所,陕西延安716099

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2017年第8期9-17,共9页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家大豆产业技术体系(CARS_04);西北农林科技大学唐仲英育种专项

摘　　要：为探讨以鼓粒速率作为大豆耐旱性评价指标,采用盆栽试验,先以汾豆65和中作3088为试验材料,在鼓粒期设置干旱胁迫(短期)和正常灌水(对照)处理,测定大豆荚果厚度变化,并用新建的方法对7个大豆材料的鼓粒期耐旱性进行初步比较。结果表明:大豆鼓粒期遭遇短期干旱胁迫,处理期鼓粒速率明显下降甚至停滞,复水后出现快速鼓粒现象(补偿效应),但后续鼓粒速率明显低于对照处理。中作3088适应干旱胁迫的能力优于汾豆65。在同等鉴定条件下,耐旱性较好的大豆材料表现为延迟萎蔫、胁迫期鼓粒速率较高、复水后鼓粒速率能较好恢复等特征。通过平均抗旱系数和隶属函数值综合评定,鲁96150、邯豆5号和秦豆11号鼓粒期耐旱性较强,中黄35和秦豆8号鼓粒期耐旱性一般,而汾豆65和中黄30鼓粒期耐旱性较弱。综上所述,大豆受旱后以荚果厚度表示的鼓粒速率发生明显变化,可用于大豆鼓粒期耐旱性的评价。Pot experiment was adopted to explore the possibility of soybean drought tolerance of Fendou 65 and Zhongzuo 3088 under drought stress conditions and well-watered treatment at seed filling stage.Tolerance to drought stress with the established method of 7soybean cultivars was evaluated.The results showed that：Soybean seed filling rate decreased or even stopped when soybean suffered drought stress for several days at seed filling stage;Pod thickness appeared a sharp compensation increase after re-watering,but the late seed filling rate of drought-stressed soybeans was lower than that of under well-watered treatment;Zhongzuo 3088 displayed higher tolerance to drought stress than Fendou 65;Under the same conditions of drought stress,drought-tolerant soybean was characterized as delayed canopy wilting,higher seed filling rate in the period of drought stress,and better compensation ability for seed filling after re-watering.Based on the comparison of average drought resistance coefficient and subordinate function value at seed filling stage,Lu 96150,Handou 5and Qindou 11 were ranked as higher tolerance cultivar,Zhonghuang 35 and Qindou 8as normal tolerance cultivar,and Fendou 65 and Zhonghuang 30 as less tolerance cultivar.In conclusion,soybean seed filling rate estimated by pod thickness was well responded to drought stress indicating its potential to evaluate soybean drought tolerance at seed filling stage.

关 键 词：大豆 干旱胁迫 荚果厚度 鼓粒速率 鼓粒期 盆栽试验 

分 类 号：S565.101[农业科学—作物学]