中国被子植物濒危等级的评估  

Evaluating the endangerment status of China's angiosperms through the red list assessment

作　　者：覃海宁[1] 赵莉娜[1,2] 于胜祥[1] 刘慧圆[1,3] 刘博[4] 夏念和[5] 彭华[6] 李振宇[1] 张志翔[7] 何兴金[8] 尹林克[9] 林余霖[10] 刘全儒[3] 侯元同[11] 刘演[12] 刘启新[13] 曹伟[14] 李建强[15] 陈世龙[16] 金效华[1] 高天刚[1] 陈文俐[1] 马海英[17] 耿玉英[18] 金孝锋[19] 常朝阳[20] 蒋宏 蔡蕾[22] 臧春鑫[23] 武建勇[24] 叶建飞[2,25] 赖阳均[26] 刘冰[1] 林秦文[25] 薛纳新[1] Haining Qin Lina Zhao Shengxiang YU Huiyuan Liu Bo Liu Nianhe Xia Hua Peng Zhenyu Li Zhixiang Zhang Xingjin He Linke Yin Yulin Lin Quanru Liu Yuantong Hou Yan Liu Qixin Liu Wei Cao Jianqiang Li Shilong Chen Xiaohua Jin Tiangang Gao Wenli Chen Haiying Ma Yuying Geng Xiaofeng Jin Chaoyang Chang Hong Jiang Lei Cai Chunxin Zang Jianyong Wu Jianfei Ye Yangjun Lai Bing Liu Qinwen Lin Naxin Xue(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093 College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081 South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201 School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083 College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064 Xinjiang lnstitute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011 Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medicinal Science ＆ Peking Union Medicinal College, Beijing 100193 College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165 Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, Guangxi 541006 Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014 Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016 Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074 Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008 School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093 College of Life and Environmental Sci

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室,北京100093 [2]中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京100049 [3]北京师范大学生命科学学院,北京100875 [4]中央民族大学生命科学学院,北京100081 [5]中国科学院华南植物园,广州510650 [6]中国科学院昆明植物研究所东亚植物多样性与生物地理学重点实验室,昆明650201 [7]北京林业大学自然保护区学院,北京100083 [8]四川大学生命科学学院,成都610064 [9]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [10]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193 [11]曲阜师范大学生命科学学院,山东曲阜273165 [12]广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西桂林541006 [13]江苏省中国科学院植物研究所,南京210014 [14]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [15]中国科学院武汉植物园,武汉430074 [16]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁810008 [17]云南大学生命科学学院,昆明650091 [18]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093 [19]杭州师范大学生命与环境科学学院,杭州310036 [20]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100 [21]云南省林业科学院,昆明650204 [22]环境保护部自然生态保护司,北京100035 [23]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [24]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042 [25]中国科学院植物研究所北京植物园,北京100093 [26]中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《生物多样性》2017年第7期745-757,共13页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：环境保护部生物多样性保护专项--中国高等植物红色名录和国家标本资源共享平台--植物子平台(2005DKA21401)

摘　　要：本文基于文献和标本信息收集以及专家提供的数据,运用IUCN濒危物种红色名录方法首次对中国范围内所有已知被子植物进行灭绝风险评估。结果显示,在评估的30,068种被子植物中,灭绝等级(含灭绝、野外灭绝、地区灭绝)共计40种;受威胁等级(极危、濒危、易危)3,363种,受威胁比例为11.18%。从空间分布看,我国受威胁被子植物主要集中分布在西南地区以及台湾、海南等岛屿,且主要分布在中低海拔地区。对受威胁物种的分析结果表明,包括原生植被破坏在内的生境丧失及破碎化是我国被子植物濒危的首要因子,涉及约84.1%的受威胁物种;过度采挖和物种内在系统问题位列致危因子的第二、三位,分别涉及38%和14%的物种。其他的致危因子包括外来入侵种在内的种间竞争、环境污染、自然灾害和全球气候变化等。一个物种的致危因子往往是多方面的。本次评估与2004年红色名录相比,生境变化、实施保护措施及分类学新修订使一些物种的濒危等级发生了变化,这也印证了红色名录是一个动态的系统,需要根据最新信息进行更新,以便为生物多样性保护提供实时准确的基础数据。All known species of Angiosperms in China were evaluated according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria： Version 3.1, Second edition and the Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels, Version 4.0. Of the 30,068 species evaluated, 21 species were found Extinct（EX）, 9 species were Extinct in the Wild（EW）, 10 species were Regionally Extinct（RE）, 518 species were Critically Endangered（CR）, 1,152 species were Endangered（EN）, 1,693 species were Vulnerable（VU）, 2,538 species were Near Threatened（NT）, 21,132 species were Least Concern（LC）, and 2,995 species were Data Deficient（DD）. The results show that 3,363 species, representing 11.2% of the evaluated species, were identified as threatened（CR, EN and VU）. The main portion of threatened species occurs below 2,000 m elevation in southwestern and southern China. Habitat loss and degradation, over-collecting by humans, and intrinsic factors are the three leading threats to angiosperms in China. Comparisons of the status of taxa on this Red List to those evaluated by Wang Xie（2004） show changes in the names and categories of some taxa due to land use pressures, the impact of conservation measures to improve the status of some species as well as new information, such as from taxonomic revisions. Therefore, there is a need for future data collection and reevaluation of the red list.

关 键 词：IUCN红色名录 灭绝风险评估 威胁因子 被子植物 保护 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]