河套地区春小麦向日葵复种对土壤盐分及农田生产力的影响  

Effects of spring wheat-sunflower multiple cropping on soil salinity and farmland productivity in Hetao irrigation area

作　　者：邹超煜 白岗栓[1,2] 杜社妮[1,2] ZOU Chaoyu BAI Gangshuan DU Sheni(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A＆ F University, Yangling 712100, China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2017年第6期1-10,共10页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD14B006;2011BAD29B03);中国科学院重点部署项目(KFZD-SW-306)

摘　　要：为降低河套灌区土壤盐分,充分利用光热资源,提高土地生产力,在坝楞村试验站以春小麦、玉米和向日葵单作为对照,春小麦收获后及时移栽向日葵,监测并分析春小麦-向日葵复种对耕层土壤盐分、作物产量、产值和固化热能等的影响。结果表明,春小麦-向日葵复种耕层土壤盐分较春小麦、玉米和向日葵单作分别降低了32.52%,16.70%和24.92%;等价籽粒产量分别提高了107.25%,23.20%和17.28%;籽粒固化热能分别提高了105.35%,6.06%和18.31%;总等价产量分别提高了126.01%,3.86%和3.21%。春小麦-向日葵复种的等价秸秆产量较春小麦单作提高了252.19%,较玉米单作降低35.94%,较向日葵单作降低30.01%,秸秆固化热能较春小麦单作提高了91.84%,较玉米单作降低了10.05%,较向日葵单作提高了4.08%;总固化热能较春小麦单作提高了98.40%,较玉米单作降低了5.82%,较向日葵单作提高了7.83%。复种移栽的向日葵经济系数显著高于单作的向日葵。春小麦-向日葵复种的总产值较春小麦、玉米和向日葵单作分别提高了143.35%,102.33%和3.19%,总净产值较春小麦单作提高了176.15%,较玉米单作提高了116.55%,较向日葵单作降低了13.26%。春小麦-向日葵复种的总净产值虽然低于向日葵单作,但可降低土壤盐分,故春小麦-向日葵复种在河套灌区有一定的发展前景。In order to reduce soil salinization in Hetao irrigation area,make full use of light and heat resources,improve the productivity of farmland,this research took timely transplanting sunflower seedling after spring wheat harvest as study object by using spring wheat sole cropping,maize sole cropping and sunflower sole cropping as control.The topsoil salinity,crop yields,fixed and synthetic calorific energy and output value and others of spring wheat-sunflower multiple cropping were monitored and investigated in fields at Baren village experiment station of Hetao irrigation area.Compared with spring wheat sole cropping,maize sole cropping and sunflower sole cropping,the results showed that the topsoil salinity of spring wheat-sunflower multiple cropping decreased by 32.52%,16.70% and 24.92% respectively;Equivalent grain yields increased by 107.25%,23.20% and 17.28% respectively;Grain fixed and synthetic calorific energy increased by 105.35%,6.06% and 18.31% respectively;Total equivalent yields increased by 126.01%,3.86% and 3.21% respectively;equivalent straw yields increased by 252.19%,reduced by 35.94%and reduced by 30.01% respectively;And Straw fixed and synthetic calorific energy increased by 91.84%,reduced by 10.05%,and increased by 4.08% respectively;Total net fixed and synthetic oalorific energy increased by 98.40%,reduced by 5.82%,and increased by 7.83% respectively.The economic coefficient of transplanting sunflower was significantly higher than that of sunflower sole cropping.The total output value of spring wheat-sunflower multiple cropping were respectively higher 143.35%,102.33% and 3.19% than that of spring wheat sole cropping,maize sole cropping and sunflower sole cropping;Total net output value was higher 176.15% than spring wheat sole cropping,and higher 116.55% than maize sole cropping,lower 13.26% than sunflower sole cropping.In conclusion,the total net output value of spring wheat-sunflower multiple cropping was lower than that of sunflower sole cropping,but spring wheat-sunflower multiple croppi

关 键 词：春小麦 向日葵 复种 土壤盐分 生产力 

分 类 号：S344.3[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]