2014年重庆市医学生疑病心理状况及其与人格和健康行为的关系分析  

Hypochondriasis and its relationship with personality and healthy behavior in medical students in Chongqing Municipality

作　　者：马珺[1] 杨小丽[1] 冯泽永[1] 姚莉华[1] 廖海霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学公共卫生与管理学院/医学与社会发展研究中心/健康领域社会风险预测治理协同创新中心,重庆400016

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2017年第8期902-905,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：重庆市教委人文社会科学研究项目(12SKD05)

摘　　要：目的探讨医学生疑病心理状况及其与人格和健康行为之间的关系。方法 2014年3-10月采用明尼苏达多相人格调查表(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory,MMPI)中的疑病人格量表(Hs)、艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,EPQ)和健康行为量表对重庆市两所医科大学按专业分层随机抽样抽取的医学生进行测量并进行t检验、相关分析、方差分析和回归分析。结果医学生疑病量表总体平均得分为(66.35±13.55)分。男生的疑病得分高于女生(P<0.01);大四学生的疑病得分显著大于大一、大二及大三的学生(P<0.05),而大一、大二和大三学生的得分之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);学习成绩越差疑病情况越强,学习成绩上者的疑病得分小于学习成绩下者,学习成绩中者的疑病得分小于学习成绩下者(均P<0.000 1),学习成绩上者的得分与中者的得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);人格中的精神质(P<0.000 1)、神经质(P<0.005)得分越高,疑病得分也越高;健康行为(P<0.005)的得分越高,疑病得分越低。疑病情况和人格中的精神质(r=0.252 24,P<0.000 1)和神经质(r=0.176 38,P<0.000 1)呈正相关,和人格中的外倾性(r=-0.113 09,P<0.05)呈负相关;疑病情况和健康行为的总分(r=-0.237 44,P<0.000 1)、健康实践行为(r=-0.199 30,P<0.000 1)、认知/情感行为(r=-0.219 87,P<0.000 1)均呈负相关。结论 2014年重庆市医学生疑病倾向是因为开始进入临床专业课程学习,临床经验和实践积累不够,对医学知识一知半解,对号入座而导致的。内向、敏感、多虑、胆小、情绪不稳定的人格特质容易导致疑病倾向。健康行为越少的个体疑病倾向越强。医学院校应该增强专业知识的理论联系实际,并注重医学生健康人格的塑造,减少疑病情况的发生。Objective To explore hypochondriasis and its relationship with personality and healthy behavior among medical students in Chongqing Municipality. Methods The Hypochondriasis （ Hs ） scale of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Invento- ry （ MMPI ） , Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （ EPQ ） and Healthy Behavior Scale were used to investigate medical students who were selected by stratified random sampling according to the major classification in two medical universities in Chongqing Munici- pality from March to October, 2014. The data were analyzed by t test, correlation analysis, variance analysis and regression analy- sis. Results The total average score of the Hs scale in the medical students was （ 66.35± 13.55 ）. The score was higher in male students than in female ones （P〈0.01） , and higher in seniors than in freshmen, sophomores and juniors （P〈0.05） , but were not significantly different among freshmen, sophomores and juniors （P〉0.05）. The worse the academic achievement, the severer the hypochondriasis （ P〈0.000 1 ）. The score of the Hs scale was lower in students with high- and middle-grade academic achievement than in those with low-grade academic achievement （ P〈0.0001 ） , but was not signifieanly different between students with high- and middle-grade academic achievement （P〉 0.05）. The higher the scores of pschoticism （P〈 0.000 1 ）and neuroticism （ P〈 0. 005）, the higher the score of the Hs scale. The higher the score of healthy behavior（P〈0. 005）, the lower the score of the I-Is scale. The score of the Hs scale was positively correlated with the scores of pschoticism （r= 0.252 24, P〈0.000 1） and neuroticism （ r = 0.176 38, P〈0.000 1 ） , but negatively correlated with the score of extraversion （ r = -0.113 09, P〈0.05 ）. The score of the Hs scale was negatively correlated with the total score of healthy behavior（ r =-0.237 44, P〈0.000 1） , healthy practice behavior（ r = -0.199 30, P〈0.000 1） and cognitive/af

关 键 词：疑病心理 人格 健康行为 医学生 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]