医务人员职业暴露现状调查及对策  

Current status and strategies of occupational exposure among health care workers

作　　者：张亚英[1] 姜亦虹[1] 钱静[1] 张贤平[1] 孔懿[1] 李阳[1] 戈海[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《中国感染控制杂志》2017年第7期658-661,共4页Chinese Journal of Infection Control

摘　　要：目的了解医务人员职业暴露现状和特点,为制定预防对策提供依据。方法自行设计职业暴露问卷调查表,调查2015年1—12月全院医务人员职业暴露情况,并进行统计分析。结果调查1 888名工作人员,发生职业暴露共304例,全院平均职业暴露发生率为16.10%;发生职业暴露370例次,职业暴露例次率为19.60%。医生、进修实习人员和工作年限≤1年的工作人员职业暴露相对较高,分别为23.18%(102/440)、17.88%(49/274)、18.34%(95/518)。锐器伤为主要的职业暴露方式,占83.24%(308例),发生环节以器械使用后处理前、器械使用中为主,分别占37.99%(117例)和36.69%(113例)。370例次职业暴露中,可追溯到暴露源的有315例次。已知暴露源中,血源性病原体职业暴露占24.13%(76例次)。370例次职业暴露中,仅59例次实施了完整的局部处理和上报程序,职业暴露上报率为15.95%。结论该院应采取综合措施最大程度地促进职业安全防护,降低职业暴露发生率。Objective To understand the current situation and characteristics of occupational exposure（OE） among health care workers（HCWs）, and provide basis for making preventive measures. MethodsSelfdesigned questionnaire about OE was adopted, OE among all HCWs in a hospital in JanuaryDecember 2015 were surveyed and statistically analyzed. ResultsA total of 1 888 HCWs were surveyed, there were 304 cases of OE, the mean OE rate in the whole hospital was 16.10%; OE occurred 370 times（19.60%）. Doctors, trainees,and HCWs who worked for≤1 year had relatively higher OE rates, which were 23.18%（102/440）, 17.88%（49/274）, and 18.34%（95/518） respectively. Sharp injury is the main OE mode, accounting for 83.24%（n=308）, sharp injuries mainly occurred before disposing the used devices and during the process of use, accounting for 37.99%（n=117） and 36.69%（n=113） respectively. Among 370 times of OE, 315 could be traced to the sources of exposure. Among the known exposure sources, OE of bloodborne pathogens accounted for 24.13% （n=76）. 59 of 370 times of OE implemented complete local treatment and reporting procedures, reporting rate of OE was 15.95%. ConclusionHospital should take comprehensive measures to promote occupational safety precaution, and reduce the incidence of OE.

关 键 词：医务人员 职业暴露 血源性病原体 锐器伤 现状 对策 

分 类 号：R136[医药卫生—劳动卫生]